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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 4 general types of cells/tissues?
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Epithelial
Connective Muscle Nerve |
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What are the types of connective tissue? (7)
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Loose
Dense, irregular Dense, regular Adipose Blood Cartilage Bone |
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What's an example of Loose Connective Tissue?
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gelous tissue in skin: fibroblats
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What's an example of Dense, Irregular Connective Tissue?
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muscle and nerve sheaths: fibroblats
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What's an example of Dense, Regular Connective Tissue?
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tendons and ligaments: fibroblats
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What's an example of Adipose Connective Tissue?
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white fat, brown fat
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What's an example of Cartilage Connective Tissue?
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elastic, but fragile: chondrocytes
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What's an example of Bone Connective Tissue?
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calcified tissue: osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts
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What are the types of epithelia? (6)
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Exchange
Transporting Secretory Ciliated Protective Sensory |
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Exchange Epithelia
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thin, leaky or fenestrated, hold no gradients
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Transporting Epithelia
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tight, can created and hold large concentration gradients
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Secretory Epithelia
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exocytosis/endocytosis, characterized with a high rate of membrane turnover
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Ciliated Epithelia
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occur in airways and female reproductive tract
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Protective Epithelia
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may be multilayer such as skin epidermis
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Sensory Epithelia
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contains sensory cells that form synapses with nerve endings: taste buds, hair cells in the inner ear
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What does hydrostatic pressure do?
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It counters the water influx from osmosis and sets the equilibrium where the net water flow is zero.
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Equation for hydrostatic pressure difference at equilibrium:
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P2-P1=RT(C2-C1)
P=pressure C=concentration of solute |
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How do transport epithelial layers produce osmotic work?
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By transporting substances uni-directionally and allow water to follow the flux of these substances.
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A difference of C2-C1 = 1 mOsm creates pressure of _____
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18.4 mmHg
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In the most primitive animal, The
endoderm = ? mesoderm = ? ectoderm = ? |
endoderm = gastrodermis
mesoderm = mesoglea ectoderm = epidermis |
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About 550 M yrs ago, when ____ appeared, a branching occurred between:
________ with _____ cleavage ________ with _____ cleavage |
Hox genes
Protostome with spiral cleavage Deuterostome with radial cleavage |
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Deuterostoma:
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the primary mouth (embryonic invagination) becomes an anus
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What's derived from coelomic cavities?
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Kidneys
Reproductive organs Peritoneal, pleural cavities Cardiac sack |
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The very first body compartment is _____, which is _________
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the stomach, which is topologically a part of the external space
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The primordial gastric cavity was made of _________. This division pre-difined the animal body development based three embryonic leaflets: _____, ____, and ______.
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three layers
endoderm mesoderm ectoderm |
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Lungs appeared later in evolution and derived as ___________.
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a ramification of the digestive tract.
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Ectoderm Examples: (4)
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1.Epidermis of skin & its derivatives
2. Lens of eye 3. Tooth enamel 4. Neuroendocrine glands: Adrenal medulla (part of the Sympathetic NS) and pituitary |
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Endoderm Examples (5)
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1. Lining of gastrointestinal tract
2. Liver and pancreas 3. Epithelium of pharynx, auditory canal, larynx, trachea, lungs 4. Epitelium of thyroid and parathyroid glands and thymus 5. Urinary bladder and urethra |
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Mesoderm Examples: (7)
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1. Endothelium of blood and lymphatic vessles, smooth muscles (surrounding blood vessels and GI tract, urinary system)
2. Heart & Blood 3. Skeletal muscles and bones (NOT SKULL!) 4. Kidneys, ureters, Gonads. 5. Connective tissue: cartilage and ligaments 6. Covering of internal organs and lining of body cavities, Adrenal cortex 7. Dermis of skin, dentin of teeth |
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Diffusion equation:
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<x^2>=2Dt
<x^2> - mean square distance (cm^2) D - diffusion coefficient (cm^2/s) t - time interval (s) |
