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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell Characteristics |
1. Contain genetic materials i.e DNAs a. Circular DNA 'thread' in prokaryotes b. Linear DNA helix in eukaryotes 2. Cytoplasm fills cell interior 3. Cell Membrane encloses the cell -Prokaryotic Cells: No membrane bound organelles |
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles |
Nucleus Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Golgi Apparatus Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Small Organelles Extracellular Matrix or basal lamina |
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Nucleus |
(about 10% of the cellular volume)-DNA storage, transcription Nucleolus: rRNA synthesis, assembly of ribosomal subunit Heterochromatin: dark spots of the nucleus, non-coding DNA; DNA is more concentrated in these areas so the electrons are more present causing darker spots Euchromatin: loose DNA with many genes, active transcription. Less concentrated DNA means less electrons present so lighter color Nuclear Envelope: double membrane nuclear lamin, nuclear pore |
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Nuclear Envelope |
Double Membrane: has two layers which indicates 4 layers of phosolipids Nuclear Pore: let out RNA and lets in protein -rosette structure |
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) |
(protein and lipid synthesis) 1. Rough ER: studded with ribosomes, protein translation, folding and transport 2. Smooth ER- synthesis of lipids and steroids, metabolism of carbohydrates 3. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum- special type of smooth ER found in smooth and striated muscle -SR contains large stores of Ca+2 ions which are released during muscle contraction |
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Golgi Apparatus |
Pancake-like structure near the nucleus 1. Lipid Synthesis 2. Protein modification, packaging, sorting 3. Vesicle transport from cis Golgi-> medial Golgi ->trans Golgi-> cell membrane |
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Mitochondria & Chloroplasts |
double membrane organelles, both have DNA 1. Energy centers (glucose -> ATP in mitochondria; CO2 + light energy -> glucose in chloroplasts) |
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Small Organelles |
1. lysosome-containing digestive enzymes, the degradation center of cell 2.peroxisome- Containing oxidative enzymes, break down long chain fatty acids, remove toxic hydrogen peroxide, the detoxification center of cell |
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Antibodies against infection |
1. produced by B lymphocyte ( or B cells) 2. Antibodies coat pathogen- protein in blood to kill the pathogen 3. Antibodies coat pathogen-white blood cells to engulf the pathogen |
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Use of Antibodies in Research |
Affinity Chromatography-Beads coated with antibodies to purify antigen Immunostaining Primary Antibody-generate in host organisms e.g mouse, sheep, chick Secondary-Antibody usually tagged with fluorescence of enzyme |
