Cell And Molecular Biology

Front 1

Organic vs. inorganic

Back 1

Organic: large, covalently bonded and have CARBON

Inorganic: small and simpler with NO Carbon

Front 2

Inorganic compounds important to human body

Back 2

Water, salts, bases and acids(lots of them)

Front 3

Organic compounds important to body

Back 3

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Front 4

Four vital properties of water

Back 4

High heat capacity

Polarity

Reactivity

Cushioning

Front 5

High heat capacity

Back 5

PREVENTS sudden changes in body temperature AND

Absorbs/ releases large amounts of heat before temp changes

Front 6

Polarity

Back 6

Small reactive chemicals dissolve easy in water

Transport and exchange medium in body

Solution for chemical reactions

Front 7

Reactivity

Back 7

Reactant in types of chemical reactions that break down biological molecules

Front 8

Cushioning

Back 8

Protective cushion around brain and

Fetus in womb

Front 9

Buffer

Back 9

Weak acid or weak bases that maintain ph stability by taking excess hydrogen (hydrolysis)

Front 10

Normal blood pH

Back 10

7.35 to 7.45

Front 11

What happens to oxygen's ability to bind to and be carried by hemoglobin when blood becomes too acidic?

Back 11

The amount of oxygen the hemoglobin in blood can carry to body cells falls rapidly to dangerous levels

Front 12

Building blocks of carbohydrates

Back 12

Monosaccharides

Hint 12

What word means one

Front 13

Building blocks of protein

Back 13

Amino acids

Front 14

Building blocks of nucleic acids

Back 14

Nucleotides

Front 15

Can serve as material for constructing the body or can help perform cell functions

Back 15

Protein

Front 16

Single most important fuel source for body cells

Back 16

Carbohydrates

Front 17

Used to insulate the body, found in all cell membranes

Back 17

Lipids, fats

Front 18

Includes collagen, hemoglobin, keratin, antibodies, some hormones, and enzymes

Back 18

Protein

Front 19

Class that includes cholesterol and other steroids

Back 19

Lipids( fats)

Front 20

High body temperature and acidosis (acidic blood pH) effect on enzymes and enzyme activity

Back 20

Denature the enzyme: active site loses shape and no longer fits the substrate

Will not perform chemical reactions at a suitable speed or at all

Front 21

Structural fibrous proteins examples

Back 21

Collagen, keratin

Hint 21

College, karrot

Front 22

Examples of functional (globular) proteins

Back 22

Enzymes, hemoglobin, antibodies, growth hormone and insulin

Front 23

Biological catalyst that regulate chemical reactions in the body

Back 23

Enzymes

Front 24

Polysaccharides that are important to the body as complex carbohydrates

Back 24

Glycogen, starch

Front 25

Steroids

Back 25

Cholesterol, sex hormones

Front 26

What is ADP and its central role in body

Back 26

Synthesized in ADP and P in cellular respiration through the breakdown of glucose

Provides form of chemical energy,

molecules are made and broken down/

cells can maintain boundaries and all life processes can occur

Front 27

Cytosol

Back 27

Semitransparent fluid that suspends the other elements, dissolved substances in cytosol

Front 28

Inclusions

Back 28

Stored nutrients or cell products, chemical substances like lipids, glycogen, granules, pigments

Inclusions MAY or MAY NOT be present

Front 29

Lysosomes

Back 29

Enzymes digesting worn out cell structures and foreign substances

Found in: phagocytes

Front 30

Mitochondria

Back 30

Contains Enzymes that carry out reactions to break down food for ATP energy

Found: liver and muscle cell

Front 31

Microvilli

Back 31

Increase surface area for absorption

Protect from exposed cell surface

found: intestine and kidney tubules

Front 32

Golgi apparatus

Back 32

Modify and package proteins, "traffic director" for cellular proteins to final destination

Same cells with lots of ribosomes and rough ER

Front 33

Nucleus

Back 33

Contains DNA instructions for building proteins in the cell

Front 34

Smooth ER

Back 34

Lipid metabolism, making cholesterol and other fats, breaking down drugs and pesticides

Found: liver, ovaries, testes

Front 35

Rough ER

Back 35

Building materials of cellular membrane

Folds protein into functional 3D shape

Found: pancreas, nerve cells, fibroblasts

Front 36

Ribosomes

Back 36

Synthesize proteins

Found: pancreas, nerve cells, fibroblasts

Front 37

Peroxisomes

Back 37

Contain oxidase enzymes that detoxify poison, alcohol, and free radicals

Found: liver and kidney cells

Front 38

Cytoskeleton

Back 38

Determine cell shape, support, organelles, transport within cell, and move cell

Front 39

Cilia

Back 39

Move substances along the cell surfaces

Found: female reproductive tract, respiratory tract

Front 40

Flagella

Back 40

Longer projection for propelling single cells

Found: sperm cell

Front 41

Cell specialized in making steroid based hormones and secrete them would have abundance of what cellular organelle

Back 41

Smooth ER

Front 42

Cell specialized in digesting bacteria and other cell debris would have abundance of what organelle

Back 42

Lysosomes

Front 43

Produced a large quantity of protein for export from the cell would have what three organelles in abundance

Back 43

Ribosomes, rough ER, Golgi apparatus

Front 44

Generate lot of ATP

Ex. Muscle cell

would have abundance of what

Back 44

Mitochondria

Front 45

Cell parts

Back 45

Back (Definition)

Front 46

Why do erythrocytes( red blood cells) completely lack organelles

Back 46

So much oxygen carrying hemoglobin is in the RBCs hat they lose their organelles

Front 47

Linings in body to keep for tearing apart are formed and it is found in abundance in epithelial cells

Back 47

Cytoskeleton (intermediate filaments)

Front 48

WhAt helps shorten and contract to produce muscle movement

Back 48

Skeletal and smooth muscle cells

Front 49

Found in cell Like a macrophage that Digests food particles and infectious microorganisms

Back 49

Lysosomes