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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the Major Inflammatory products of the complement system?
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C3a
C3b C5a |
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What causes increased vascular permeability by way of HISTAMINE release?
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C3a
C5a |
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What activates WBC and increases avidity (affinity) of WBC INTEGRIN molecules
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C5a
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What upregulates LIPOXYGENASE PATHWAY of arachidonic acid metabolism?
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C5a
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What complement metabolite causes CHEMOTAXIS?
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C5a
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What complement metabolite causes OPONIZATION?
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C3b
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What are the actions of KALLIKREINS?
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Activates
BRADYKININ FACTOR XII PLASMIN C5 to C5a |
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What are the actions of BRADYKININ?
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INCREASED vascular permeability
smooth muscle CONTRACTION produces PAIN |
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The COAGULATION SYSTEM (intrinsic pathway) is activated by ?
--products active in mediating inflammation include |
Factor XII
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What are the actions of THROMBIN?
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Serotonin released from platelets
enhanced WBC adhesion FIBROBLAST proliferation |
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Fibrinopeptides are created when ? changes FIBRINOGEN to FIBRIN
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Thrombin
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what are the actions of FIBRINOPEPTIDES
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increase VASCULAR PERMEABILITY
chemotaxis |
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What are the actions of Factor Xa
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increase Vascular permeability
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Fibrinolytic System is activated by ?
products active in mediating inflammation include ? and ? |
Kallikrein
--> PLASMIN --> Fibrin Split Products |
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What is the actions of PLASMIN?
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Cleaves C3 to C3a
cleaves FIBRIN to produce FIBRIN SPLIT PRODUCTS activate FACTOR XII activate TGF-B (wound healing) |
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What are the actions of FIBRIN SPLIT PRODUCTS (from breakdown of fibrin during fibrinolysis) ?
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Vascular Permeability
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What causes FIBRIN to be broken down FIBRIN SPLIT PRODUCTS?
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Plasmin
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What pre-formed Vasoactive amines are stored in granules?
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Histamine
Serotonin |
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What are the actions of VASOACTIVE AMINES?
Histamine Serotonin |
Vasodilation of arterioles (constricts large arteries)
Increase vascular permeability of venules |
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What cell has vasoactive amines --Histamine and Serotonin in pre-formed granules?
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Platelets
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Release of HISTAMINE from mast cells due to
--Immune Reactions --Complement Fragments --Cytokines |
immune reactions => IgE receptors
complement fragments => C3a and C5a cytokines => IL-1 and IL-8 |
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Release of vasoactive amines from PLATELETS are stimulated by?
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Throbin
contact with COLLAGEN PLATELET ACTIVATING FACTOR (mast cells) |
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What prevents LYSOSOMAL PROTEASES from neutrophils and monocytes from staying active / keeps them in check ?
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ALPHA - 1 - ANTI-TRYPSIN
plasma antiproteases |
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PHOSPHOLIPASES are INHIBITIED from making Arachidonic Acid Metabolites by ?
what stimulates PHOSPHOLIPASES? |
Corticosteroids
Platelet Activating Factor |
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What is the Arachidonic Acid Metabolite that causes--
Pain, Fever, and Vasodilation? Vascular permeability? Chemotaxis? |
Prostaglandin (pain, fever, and vasodilation)
Leukotrines (vascular permeability) Leukotrine B4 (chemotaxis) |
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Which of the two pathways in arachidonic acid metabolites is involved with PROSTGLANDIN and THROMBOXANE synthesis?
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Cyclooxygenase Pathway
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Which of the two pathways in arachidonic acid metabolites is involved with LEUKOTRINE synthesis?
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Lipoxygenase pathway
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? inhibit the CYCLOOXYGENASE pathway and production of Prostaglandins
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Non-Steroidal Anti- Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID)
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What causes VASCULAR PERMEABILITY and VASODILATION and "PRIMES" WBCs?
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Platelet Activating Factor
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Which Nitric Oxide synthetase is induced when activated by cytokines such as TNF-α and TNF-γ
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iNOS (macrophages)
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What is the role of the neuropeptide SUBSTANCE P?
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binds to receptor on target cell (especially lungs and GI tract)
activation of ARACHIDONIC ACID PATHWAY powerful mediator of INCREASED VASCULAR PERMEABILITY |
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During leukocyte diapedisis
endothelial cells first produce ? which is considered to be "loose" (tethering / rolling) adhesion with WBCs |
Selectins
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When WBCs and Endothelial cells have FIRM ADHESION (latching)
what proteins are involved? |
ICAMs
Integrins associated with LEUKOCYTE and ENDOTHELIAL activation |
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Adhesion stimulation is mediated by ? for Leukocyte adhesion molecules
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C5a
Chemotactic Complement Fragments |
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Adhesion stimulation is mediated by ? for ENDOTHELIAL Cell adhesion molecules
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IL - 1
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Chemotactic agents bind to the leukocyte receptor site which triggers the ? in the cytoplasm (FILAMIN, GELSOLIN, PROFILIN, CALMODULIN)
motility is by action of a PSEUDOPOD (LAMELLIPOD) |
actin regulating elements
causes actin-myosin contraction |
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What are the Chemotactic Agents?
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N-formylated peptides (from bacteria)
C5a Leukotrine B4 (arachidonic acid metabolism in neutrophils and macrophages) IL-8 <<<< |
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REMEMBER
IL-1 and TNF-alpha ARE NOT CHEMOKINES!! IL-8 IS A CHEMOKINE! |
REMEMBER
IL-1 and TNF-alpha ARE NOT CHEMOKINES!! IL-8 IS A CHEMOKINE! |
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What are the 3 Leukocyte Activators?
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TNF- Alpha
C5a Platelet Activating Factor 3 |
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What are the 2 major Opsonins?
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Fc Fragment of IgG
C3b, C3bi |
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What are the primary cytokines involved with FEVER?
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IL-1
TNF - alpha |
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IL-1 stimulates ? synthesis in the HYPOTHALAMUS which alters the body temperature set-point.
TNF alpha? |
PROSTAGLANDIN
TNF acts by stimulating release of IL-1 and on the hypothalamus directly |
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Acute Phase Protein production are produced by the ?
mediated by action of ? on ? |
Liver
IL-6 on hepatocytes acute phase proteins -c reactive protein (enhance opsonization) -Serum Amyloid A -Complement -Coagulation Factors (fibrinogen) |
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How does one tell when there is an INCREASE of ACUTE PHASE PROTEINS?
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results in increase in ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE (ESR)
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Pain is mediated by ? and ?
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Prostaglandins
Bradykinin |
