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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The reactions of VASCULARIZED living tissue to injury, characterized by movement of fluid and leukocytes from the blood into the extravascular space.
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Inflammation
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What is the MAIN indicator of Acute Inflammation?
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NEUTROPHILS
in protein-rich exudates (FIBRIN etc.) monocytes/macrophages and platelets |
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Pyogenic Bacteria and Necrosis are typically associated with what type of inflammation?
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Acute Inflammation
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What is the MAIN indicator of Chronic Inflammation?
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Mononuclear cells
-Lymphocytes -Plasma cells -Monocytes/Macrophages/Histiocytes |
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a sub-category of CHRONIC INFLAMMATION which usually has NODULAR COLLECTIONS OF MODIFIED MACROPHAGE/HISTIOCYTES called ?
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Granulomas
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What are the two types of modified macrophages seen in granulomas?
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Epithelioid cells
Multinucleated giant cells -Langerhans giant cells (nuclei periphery) -Foreign body giant cells (nuclei random or cluster together) |
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True or False
A granuloma may have either EPITHELIOID cells or HISTIOCYTIC GITANT cells. This is the DEFINING cells of GRANULOMATOUS INFLAMMATION. |
True
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What are the 4 Cardinal signs of LOCALIZED INFLAMMATION?
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Rubor - redness
Calor - heat Tumor - swelling Dolor - pain |
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The physiologic response of the body to inflammation
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Acute Phase Response
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Enlarged lymph nodes usually reflects lymphocyte proliferation response.
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Lymphadenopathy
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acute inflammation of the lymphatic vessels or lymph nodes and usually reflects extension of inflammation from a site that these lymphatics drain
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Lymphangitis / Lymphadenitis
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Increased Vascular permeability is caused by what 3 possible mechanisms?
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endothelial cell contraction
disruption of cell-cell junction endothelial cell damage |
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What are the results of increased vascular permeability?
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Exudation
Edema Stagnation of blood WBC margination |
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Extraneous substances need to be coated with ? in order to be recognized by phagocytes
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serum factors (OPSONINS)
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The granules of "granulocytes" are ?
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lysosomes
release of lysosomal contents into phagolysosomes is DEGRANULATION |
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What are Oxygen-Independent Mechanisms?
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Defensins (cationic protein neutrophil granules)
Lysosyme (neutrophil granules) Lactoferrin (neutrophil granules) Major basic protein (eosinophils) |
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What is the H2O2 - Myeloperoxidase - Halide System?
What is the end product used for? |
NADPH changes O2 to O2-
Superoxide Dismutase changes O2- to H2O2 MYELOPEROXIDASE changes H2O2 and Cl into HOCl- HOCl- is a potent bactericidal agent. |
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What does Myeloperoxidase - Independent System utilize in bacterial killing?
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O2- (superoxide)
OH. (hydroxl) NO (nitric oxide) |
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During an inflammation response what is one of the main causes of localized tissue damage from leukocytes?
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Lysosomal Enzymes
Oxygen Radicals |
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What is the major bacterial killing mechanism in Neutrophils?
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Myeloperoxidase
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What cytokines do Macrophage/Monocytes produce?
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IL-1
TNF alpha |
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What cell contains virtually all of the histamine in the body?
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Mast cell / Basophil
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What do Eosinophils have that are effective against parasites?
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Major Basic Protein
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