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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the difference between internal and external environment of the cell?
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Extracellular high in: Na, Ca, Cl
Intracellular high in: K, organic phosphate |
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What does simple diffuse rate depend on?
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- Solute concentration gradient
- velocity kinetic motion - surface area |
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What does the relationship between flux and concentration gradient look like in simple diffusion?
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Linear
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What types of molecules does simple diffusion move? active/passive?
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- passive
- water, CO2, O2 |
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What are the 2 types of facilitated diffusion?
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- channels
- Carrier proteins |
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Is facilitated diffusion active/passive?
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passive
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What types of molecules does facilitated diffusion move in channels?
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- small, inorganics
- Na (- charge inside channel) - K (no charge) |
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What types of molecules of molecules does facilitated diffusion move in carrier proteins?
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- Glucose (both ways)
- can couple with ATP |
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What types of gating mechanisms are there for facilitated diffusion in channels?
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- voltage, ligand-gated, mechanical
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What does osmosis move? How does this move?
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- water
- from low solute to high solute - high to low chemical potential |
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For water to flow in osmosis what must be present?
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1) solute concentration difference
2) solute must diffuse slower than water (reflect coefficient is how easily solute can cross membrane) |
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Is osmosis passive or active?
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- passive
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What is osmolarity?
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- determined by the number of particles in solution
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What is tonicity?
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- extent to which water will move as a result of osmolality difference
- isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic |
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What is primary active transport?
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- ATP driven pumps
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What are examples of primary active transport?
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- Na/K pumps (3Na out/2K in)
- Ca ATPase pumps (low intracellular Ca) |
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What is the purpose of Na/K pumps?
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- maintains Na/K
- negative electrical potential within cell - maintains cell volume |
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What is secondary active transport?
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- transport that uses energy dissipated when another molecule goes down its concentration gradient
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What is co-transport/symport?
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- secondary active transport
- 2 molecules going same direction (Na/Glucose) |
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What is counter-transport/antiport?
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- secondary active transport
- 2 molecules going opposite direction (Ca out/ Na in) |
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Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium
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- distribution of ions across membrane with an impermeable ion
- one side has more solute and more water - Na/K pumps more Na out than in, so reverses effect |
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What are the 2 types of transporters?
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- passive
- active |
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What are the examples of passive transporters?
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1) simple diffusion
2) facilitated diffusion 3) osmosis |
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What are the types of active transport?
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1) primary active transport
2) secondary active transport |
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What affects diffusion?
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- membrane permeability
- concentration difference - electrical potential difference - pressure difference across membrane |
