Celebration #3 Vocab.

Front 1

Rhetoric

Back 1

Discovering all possible means of persuasion.

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Logos

Back 2

Logical proof, which comes from the line of argument in a speech.

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Enthymeme

Back 3

An incomplete version of a formal deductive syllogism that is created by leaving out a premise already accepted by the audience or by leaving an obvious conclusion unstated.

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Ethos

Back 4

Ethical proof, which comes from the speaker's intelligence, character, and goodwill toward the audience, as these personal characteristics are revealed through the message.

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Pathos

Back 5

Emotional proof, which comes from the feelings the speech draws out of those who hear it.

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Canons of Rhetoric

Back 6

The principle divisions of the art of persuasion, established by ancient rhetoricians--invention, arrangement, style, delivery, and memory.

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Invention

Back 7

A speaker's "hunt" for arguments that will be effective in a particular speech.

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Golden Mean

Back 8

The virtue of moderation; the virtuous person develops habits that avoid extremes.

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Identification

Back 9

The recognized common ground between speaker and audience such as physical characteristics, talents, occupation, experiences, personality, beliefs, and attitudes; consubstantiation.

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Dramatistic Pentad

Back 10

A tool to analyze how a speaker attempts to get an audience to accept his or her view of reality by using five key elements of the human drama - act, scene, agent, agency, and purpose.

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God Term

Back 11

The word a speaker uses to which all other positive words are subservient.

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Devil Term

Back 12

The word a speaker uses that sums up all that is regarded as bad, wrong, or evil.

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Guilt

Back 13

Burke's catchall term for tension, anxiety, embarrassment, shame, disgust, and other noxious feelings intrinsic to the human condition.

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Mortification

Back 14

Confession of guilt and request for forgiveness.

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Victimage

Back 15

Scapegoating; the the process of naming an external enemy as the source of all personal or public ills.

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Media

Back 16

Generic term for all human-invented technology that extends the range, speed, or channels of communication.

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Symbolic Enviroment

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The socially constructed, sensory world of meanings.

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Medium

Back 18

A specific type of media; for example, a book, newspaper, radio, television, film, Web Site, or email.

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Media Ecology

Back 19

The study of different personal and social enviroments created by the use of different communication technologies.

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Technology

Back 20

According to McLuhan, human inventions that enhance communication.

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Overdetermination

Back 21

Equifinality; a systems theory assumption that a given outcome could be effectively caused by any or many interconnected factors.

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Tribal Age

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An acoustic era; a time of community because the ear is the dominant sense organ.

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Literary Age

Back 23

A visual era; a time of private detachment because the eye is the dominant sense organ.

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Print Age

Back 24

A visual era; massproduced books usher in the industrial revolution and nationalism, yet individuals are isolated.

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Electronic Age

Back 25

An era of instant communication; a return to the global village with all-at-once sound and touch.

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Global Village

Back 26

A worldwide electronic community where everyone knows everyone's business and all are somewhat testy.

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Digital Age

Back 27

A possible fifth era of specialized electronic tribes contentious over diverse beliefs and values.

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Faustian Bargain

Back 28

A deal with the devil; selling your soul for temporary earthly gain.

Front 29

Semiotics (Semiology)

Back 29

The study of the social production of meaning from sign systems; the analysis of anything that can stand for something else.

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Myth

Back 30

The connotative meaning that signs carry wherever they go; myth makes what is cultural seem natural.

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Sign

Back 31

The inseperable combination of the signifier and the signified.

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Signifier

Back 32

The physical form of the sign as we perceive it through our senses; an image.

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Signified

Back 33

The meaning we associate with the sign.

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Denotative Sign System

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A descriptive sign without ideological content.

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Connotative Sign System

Back 35

A mythic sign that has lost its historical referent; form without substance.

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Deconstruction

Back 36

The process of unmasking contradictions within a text; debunking.

Front 37

Ideology(1)

Back 37

Knowledge presented as common sense or natural, especially when its social construction is ignored or suppressed.

Front 38

Cultural Studies

Back 38

A neo-Marxist critique that sets forth the position that mass media manufacture consent for dominant ideologies.

Front 39

Ideology(2)

Back 39

Frameworks through which we interpret, understand, and make sense of social existence.

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Democratic Pluralism

Back 40

The myth that society is held together by common norms such as equal opportunity, respect for diversity, one person-one vote, individual rights, and rule of law.

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Culture Industries

Back 41

The producers of culture; television, radio, music, film, fashion, magazines, newspapers, etc.

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Hegemony

Back 42

The subtle sway of society's haves over its havenots.

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Discourse

Back 43

Frameworks of interpretation.

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Discursive Formation

Back 44

The process by which unquestioned and seemingly natural ways of interpreting the world become ideologies.

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Dramatic Violence

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The overt expression or threat of physical force as part of the plot.

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Cultural Indicators Project

Back 46

The systematic tracking of changes in television content and how those changes affect viewers' perceptions of the world.

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Heavy Viewers

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TV viewers who report that they watch at least four hours per day; television types.

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Cultivation Differential

Back 48

The difference in the percentage giving the television answer within comparable groups of light and heavy TV viewers.

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Mean World Syndrome

Back 49

The cynical mindset of general mistrust of others subscribed to by heavy TV viewers.

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Mainstreaming

Back 50

The blurring, bleeding, and bending processby which heavy TV viewers develop a common socially conservative outlook through constant exposure to the same images and labels.

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Resonance

Back 51

The process by which congruence of symbolic violence on television and real-life experiences of violence amplifies the fear of a mean and scary world.

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Meta-analysis

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A statistical procedure that blends the results of multiple empirical and independent research studies exploring the same relationship between two variables (e.g., TV viewing and fear of violence).

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Agenda-Setting Hypothesis

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The mass media have the ability to transfer the salience of issues on their news agenda to the public agenda.

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Media Agenda

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The pattern of news coverage across major print and broadcast media as measured by the prominence and length of stories.

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Public Agenda

Back 55

The most important public issues as measured by public opinion surveys.

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Interest Aggregations

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Clusters of people who demand center stage for their one, overriding concern; pressure groups.

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Index of Curiosity

Back 57

A measure of the extent to which individuals' need for orientation motivates them to let the media shape their views.

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Framing

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The selection of a restricted number of thematically related attributes for inclusion on the media agenda when a particular object or issue is discussed.

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Media Malady Effect

Back 59

Negative economic headlines and stories that depress consumer sentiment and leading economic indicators.

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Communitarian Ethics

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A moral responsibility to promote community, mutuality, and persons-in-relation who live simultaneously for others and for themselves.

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Agape Love

Back 61

An unconditional love for others because they are created in the image of God.

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Public Opinion

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Attitudes one can express without running the danger of isolating oneself; a tangible force that keeps people in line.

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Spiral of Silence

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The increasing pressure people feel to conceal their views when they think they are in the minority.

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Quasi-statistical Organ

Back 64

A sixth sense that tallies up information about what society in general is thinking and feeling.

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Pluralistic Ignorance

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People's mistaken idea that everyone thinks like they do.

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Train/Plane Test

Back 66

A question about conversation with a stranger while traveling, used to determine whether people are willing to speak out in support of their viewpoint.

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Hard-Core Noncomformists

Back 67

People who have already been rejected for their beliefs and have nothing to lose by speaking out.

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Avant-Garde

Back 68

Intellectuals, artists, and reformers in the isolated minority who speak out because they are convinced they are ahead of the times.