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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Functions as non-linear parallel processor ie thermostat
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Right Cerebral Hemisphere
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Functions as a serial processor corresponds to linear cause and effect sequence of time
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Left cerebral hemisphere
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Pattern recognition takes place in
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Left-inter-parietal sulcus
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Association takes place in
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left dorsal frontal cortex
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When neuronal firing oscillates between 40-80 Hz it is thought of as
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Consciousness
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How are memories formed?
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With each firing;
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The repetition of a series of digits in forward and backwards test
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Higher Cortical functions
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Serial subtraction of 3' from 20 or 7's from 100
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Higher Cortical Function
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Recall 3 items or short story ~ 3min
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Higher Cortical Function
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Areas 3,1,2
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Primary Somato-sensory cortex
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Area 4
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Primary Motor Cortex
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Area 5
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Association somato-sensory cortex
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Area 6
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Supplementary motor cortex
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Area 7
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Association-somato-sensory cortex
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Area 8
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Frontal eye fields
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Area 9
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Dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex
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Area 10
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Anterior prefrontal cortex
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Area 11,12
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Orbito-frontal area
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Area 13
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Insular cortex
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Area 17
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Primary Visual cortex
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Area 19
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Asscoiation visual cortex
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Area 44 and 45
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Brocas area
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Area 39 and 40
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Wernicke's area
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Areas 41 and 42
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Primary Auditory association cortex
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A sensitive indicator of a focal lesion is
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Pronator drift test; usually corticospinal lesion
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In the supine position at rest, weakness due to _________ shows external rotation of hip
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UMN lesion
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What test would you use for coordination if the patient is bedridden?
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Heel-to Shin test
Rhythmically taping the heel on shin Touching the examiner's finger with toe |
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Lesions of the primary motor cortex produce
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Weakness and apraxia; not paralysis
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Lesions to the pre-motor area cause and do not cause
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cause slow complex limb movements
do not cause paralysis |
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Lesions to the supplemental area result in
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Motor apraxia and not paralysis
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Stimulation of this area results in movements of the entire limbs or the entire hand
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Supplemental Motor Area
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The posterior parietal area is active during
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Motor movements
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Direct stimulation of posterior parietal area results in
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No movement; motivation or intent of movement
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Lesions of the POSTERIOR PARIETAL Area result in
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NEGLECT of contralateral sides
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Anterior Cingulate cortex is broadman' area
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24, 32; Executive area
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Pain perception area
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Anterior cingulate cortex
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Micturition area
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Anterior cingulate cortex
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Vocalization area.
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Left Anterior cingulate cortex;
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The area connected with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; generating appropriate motor plan selection; supplementary motor area
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Anterior Cingulate Cortex
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A loop that includes parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus, mamillary bodies, anterior thalamus, and cingulate gyrus
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Papez circuit
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(Thalamus) receives inputs from the olfactory and limbic system and reciprocally connected to prefrontal cortex
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Dorso-medial nucleus of Thalamus
DM |
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Cognition, judgement and mood; which nucleus of thalamus
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DM- dorso-meidal
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Dorso-lateral nucleus of thalamus is involved in
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Memory
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(Thalamus) A complex that receives afferents from the superior colliculus and project to visual and parietal assoc. centers
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Posterior-Lateral nucleus and pulvinar complex
PL + pulvinar |
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Behavior neurotransmitters:
Dopamine = |
Movement, reward, and cognition
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Behavior neurotransmitters:
NE= |
Mood, arousal, and cognition
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Behavior neurotransmitters:
Serotonin = |
Mood, anxiety, sleep, pain, and cognition
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Behavior neurotransmitters:
Acetylcholine |
Memory, arousal, and cognition
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Glycine is found
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Only in the spinal cord
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GABA is found in
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Cerebellum, hippocampus, Cerebral cortex, straitonigral system
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Facts and Events are stored in ______regions of the brain; long term memory
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Medial temporal lobe; Hippocampus
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Procedural( skills and tasks) are stored in
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Stratium
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Associative learning: Classical and Operant conditioning for emotions are stored in
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Amygdala
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Associative learning: Classical and Operant conditioning for Skeletal muscles are stored in
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Cerebellum
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Nonassociative learning; habituation and sensitization; are stored in
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Reflex pathway
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This area is engaged in familiar spatial task for memory
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Right posterior hippocampus and right inferior parietal lobe
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Area engaged in encoding and embedding novel material including language
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Left anterior hippocampus
Dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex |
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The production of ____ is essential for retention of memory
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cAMP response binding protein CREB
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Working memory is impaired when damage to the
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hippocampus
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Procedural memory is retained when damage to the hippocampus occurs b/c
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the cerebellum is primary storage site for procedural memory
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This area is associated with poor memory of false memories
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Left-Dorso-Lateral cortex
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This area is associated with PTSD
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Left hippocampal
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Loss of this area results in anterograde amnesia
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Left Anterior Hippocampus
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Short-term memory loss is associated
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Disruptions in Left Anterior Hippocampus
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Anterograde amnesia is also assoc. with interruption of ____ and ____ syndrome
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Interruption of Papez circuit
Korsakoff; thiamine def |
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Retrograde amnesia is assoc. with
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Left Posterior Hippocampal damage
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Long-term memory damage involves
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damage to Neocortex
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Echopraxia means
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involuntary repetition or inhibition of observed movements
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Ideomotor praxis means
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expression of words; like Show me how to use a hammer
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What test can you perform to determine frontal lobe lesions?
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Contrasting programs
Go-no go Crossed response inhibition 3 step command |
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What test can you perform for dominant temporoparietal lobe dysfunction
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Language fluency observe
Language comprehension observe Repetition; no, ifs, ands , or buts Reading Writing Naming objects Simple calculations |
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Prosody "I just one the lottery" in sad voice. Patients response is abnormal lesion is
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Non-dominant temporoparietal lobe
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Hemineglect
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Non-dominant temporoparietal lobe
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What test can you perform for lesion in non-dominant temporoparietal lobe?
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Neglect Present
Line Cancellation; draw X, test neglect Line bisection; X in middle of line; neglect Figure copying Clock drawing |
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Extinction test lesion in
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Non-dominant temporoparietal lobe
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Graphestesia test
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Bilateral Temporoparietal lobe
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Stereognosis test
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Bilateral Temporoparietal Lobe Lesions
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