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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 attributes used to classify consonants?
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Manner of articulation
Place of articlulation voicing |
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Plosive
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Stopping air flow and then suddenly releasing it.
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Fricative
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Forcing air through narrow constriction, producing friction like sound.
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Affricate
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Combination of stop and a fricative- stopping of air, releasing it followed by a friction like sound
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Liquids
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Hardest to learn
L,R |
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Glides
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Production involves continous movement of the articulators
A.K.A. semi-vowels |
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Cognate pair
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Two consonants produced in the same place, in the same manner but differ only in voicing
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Who introduced the concept of phonological processes?
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Stampe in 1969
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Metathesis
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Child transposes sounds in a word
Aminal for animal ephelant for elephant |
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Final consonant deletion
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Child omits a consonant sound at the end of a word.
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At what age are phonological processes repressed?
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Between 4 and 8 years
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What percentage of individuals have speech language impairments?
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10%
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What is a functional disorder?
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There is no known cause for the disorder
Has lots of theories but no known cause. Stuttering, Autism |
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How are clefts formed?
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Heredity, medications taken by mother, maternal diet
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What is the clinical term for tounge-tied?
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Ankyloglossia
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What is dysarthria?
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Motor speech disorders
Damage to brain and/or nerve tracts muscular impairments associated with speech Hungtingtons, stroke, parkinsons |
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Neutrocclusion
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Normal bite but teeth are crooked
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Distocclusion
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Top arch to far forward from bottom arch
A.K.A overbite |
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Mesiocclusion
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Bottom arch is in front of top arch
A.K.A. underbite Causes the most articulation errors |
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What is typically normal in an autistic child?
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Echolalia
Difficulty expressing emotion Difficulty finding words Difficulty with both comprehension and expression of language |
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How are TBI's acquired?
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Traumatic Brain injury
1 million victims of TBI in the U.S. Complete or near complete recoveries Others remain in vegetative states for life |
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What is hypernasality?
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To much air escaping through nasal cavities.
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Stutering is most common in what population?
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More common in males than females. 4:1
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The primary muscle for breathing is?
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Diaphragm
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What are the 4 primary processes for speech?
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Respiration
Phonation Resonation Articulation |
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What are the nasal sounds?
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m n ng
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What are the articulators?
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Teeth
Tongue Lips Alveolar ridge Hard palate Soft palate Jaw |
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What are the components of the central nervous system?
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Brain and spinal cord
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What is the pinna?
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fleshy, visable part of the ear
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What are the middle ear bones?
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Malleus(hammer)
Incus (anvil) Stapes(stirrup) Known as ossicular chain |
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What is considered the end organ of hearing?
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The organ of corti
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What does the cerebellum do?
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Ensures smooth, precise, and coordinated movements
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How many words does an 18 month old produce?
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10-50 words
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Reduplicated babbling
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Repeated consonant vowel syllable such as mamama or nananana
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Verigated babbling
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Now produces successive syllables that differ from one another such as magaba
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How do cooing and babbling differ?
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Cooing is production of vowel sounds and babbling is consonant and vowel syllables
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What is aphonia?
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Without voice
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What is co-articulation?
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The influence sounds have on one another in context.
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What is the difference between Macroglossia and microglossia?
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Macroglossia the tongue is too large (common in down syndrom)
Microglossia is abnormal smallness of the tongue |
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Which of the following structures join the left and right hemispheres of the brain?
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Corpus callosum
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The structure located within the cranium that is responsible for coordination of all motor movements is the
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Cerebellum
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A laryngeal muscle of adduction is going to do what to the vocal folds, in relation to one another?
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Close them
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The vocal folds of adult males vibrate approximately___times per second
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100
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The articulator directly behind your front teeth is the
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alveolar ridge
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The largest laryngeal cartilage is the
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Thyroid
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The cartilage that protects the airway from food and drink when swallowing is the
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epiglottis
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______ are is responsible for our ability to express ourselves and is found on the left side of the brain
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Broca's
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The ability to understand language is controlled by the _____ lobe
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Temporal
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Which of the following are paired cartilages?
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arytenoid
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What are the basic forms of speech sound errors?
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when kids make errors they usually substitute sounds, distort sounds or omit them
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What anatomical structures allow us to create sound?
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the larynx and more specifically the vocal folds (thyroarytenoid muscles)
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Are most consonants voiced or unvoiced
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most are voiced
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