Cdis

Front 1

Semantics

Back 1

Chose of words ('girl' & 'women')

Front 2

Syntax

Back 2

Combining words

Front 3

Morphology

Back 3

Providing word endings and variations determined by syntax
(-ed) (-ing)

Front 4

Phonology

Back 4

Converting the word string into abstarct sounds
c a t = cat

Front 5

Prosody

Back 5

Stress, intonation, rate

Front 6

Pragmatics

Back 6

socially appropriate style (joke, sarcasim)

Front 7

Speech Chain

Back 7

-Sender
-Transmitter
-Reciever

Front 8

Levels of the Speech Chain

Back 8

Linguistic
Physiological
Acoustic
Physiological
Linguistic

Front 9

Childhood Language Impairments

Back 9

-difficulty using words & word orders
-during early stages of child development

Front 10

Adult Language Impaiments

Back 10

Loss of ability to use words, word order, & other types of language symbols
-due to neurological injusry as an adult

Front 11

Stuttering

Back 11

-disruption of the fluency that is rhythm & flow of speech
-child development, 5 and up

Front 12

Voice Disorders

Back 12

-Distortion of phonation produced by the vibrating vocal folds
-Any age

Front 13

Articulation Disorders

Back 13

-Impairment of the ability to make the sounds correctly
-Child Development

Front 14

Phonological Disorder

Back 14

-Difficulty knowing & using the language processes determining when to use the sounds of language
-child development

Front 15

Neurogenic Speech Disorder (Dysarthria)

Back 15

-Impairment of the ability to make speech sounds correctly
-Neurological injury as adult

Front 16

Way to Classify Communication Disorders

Back 16

-Link to the speech chain that breaks down*
-Site of impairment in the body*
-Types of disease that created the problem

Front 17

Incidence

Back 17

Precentage of people in a population who have had the disorder at some point in their life

Front 18

Prevelance

Back 18

-Precentage of people in a population who have a communicaiton disorder right now (or at some other specified time)

Front 19

Handicapped Children's Early Education Act

Back 19

1966- funding for schools (optional)

Front 20

Education of All Handicapped Children Act
Now: Individuals with Disabilities Educaiton Act

Back 20

1975- required funding for schools

Front 21

Americans with Disabilities Act

Back 21

1990

Front 22

Tidal Breathing

Back 22

Relaxed Breathing (natural)

Front 23

Intercostals

Back 23

help with EXhalation, decrease volume of lungs

Front 24

External Intercostals

Back 24

help with INhalation, increases volume of lungs

Front 25

Phonation

Back 25

-produced by the vibrating vocal folds in the larynx

Front 26

Glottis

Back 26

space between the vocal folds (hole)

Front 27

Abduction

Back 27

the glottis is open for breathing

Front 28

Adduction

Back 28

the glottis is closed for speaking

Front 29

Vibration of vocal folds in an adult male

Back 29

125 per second

Front 30

Vibration of vocal folds in an adult female

Back 30

225 times per second

Front 31

Three parts of Pharynx

Back 31

-Laryngopharynx
-Oropharynx
-Nasopharynx

Front 32

Tongue:
Extrinsic

Back 32

change overall position

Front 33

Tongue:
Intrinsic

Back 33

Form bulk of tongue, go in three different directions, CHANGE SHAPE

Front 34

Primary Muscle of Lips

Back 34

Levator, Orbicularis Oris, Mentalis, Depressor

Front 35

Velopharyngeal Port

Back 35

Consonants- port closed
Nasal Consonants (m,n,ng)- port wide open
Vowels- Closed or slightly opened

Front 36

Palate Levator

Back 36

most important part of soft palate

Front 37

Central Nervous System contains:

Back 37

-The Cerebrum
-Cerebellum
-Brain Stem
-Spinal Cord

Front 38

Peripheral Nervous System:
Motor Nerves

Back 38

Send neural signals to muscles (out)

Front 39

Peripheral Nervous System:
Sensory Nerves

Back 39

Send information back to brain about sensations (in)

Front 40

Neurons:
Dendrite

Back 40

Recieves information

Front 41

Neurons:
Axon-Mylon Sheeth

Back 41

helps information process quicker

Front 42

Action Potential

Back 42

-Impulse sent throughout the body
-Chemical reactions that travel no faster than 70 meters per second

Front 43

Cranial Nerves

Back 43

-12 nerves that extend from brain stem
-Innervate the head, face, neck, and some of the organd of the body

Front 44

Nerve VIII (8)

Back 44

Auditory Nerve

Front 45

Nerve X (10)

Back 45

Vagus
Controls Larynx

Front 46

Nerve V (5)

Back 46

Chewing (masstacation)

Front 47

Nerve VII (7)

Back 47

Facial

Front 48

Neural Plasticity

Back 48

-Molding of the brain during development, learning, experience

Front 49

3 Things Needed to Create Sound:

Back 49

1. Vibrator (vocal folds)
2. Force to set the vibrator in motion (air pressure)
3. Medium to convey the motion (air)

Front 50

Sounds

Back 50

-produced by a number of different sounds
- vibrations in air molecules that travel in waves

Front 51

Physical Attributions of Sounds:
Frequency

Back 51

-the number of cylces that occur over a second (Hertz)
-Length, mass, stiffness affect frequency

Front 52

Physical Attributions of Sounds:
Intensity (Amplitude)

Back 52

-distance of displacement of molecules when they vibrate
-Measured in decibels (dB)
-140 dB= pain

Front 53

Physical Attributions of Sounds:
Phase

Back 53

-the time relationship between 2 or more tones occuring simultaneously

Front 54

Why do we study sine waves?

Back 54

-used frequently by audiologists to study sensitvity of the ear
-all complex sounds can be thought of as combinations of sine waves at different frequencies

Front 55

Dipthong

Back 55

-special phonemes that are created when two vowels are close together

Front 56

Consonants

Back 56

-much more restricted oral cavity
-sometimes have an interruption of phonation

Front 57

Types of Consonants

Back 57

-Manner of production
-Voicing
-Place of production

Front 58

Manner of Articulation

Back 58

-stops
-fricatives
-affricatives
-nasals
-semi-vowels

Front 59

Stops

Back 59

-produced by completely closing off the vocal tract
-air collects behind the blockage
-air blows the blockage open
-creates short explosive-like noise called plosion
-p,t,k,b,d,g

Front 60

Fricatives

Back 60

-vocal tract occulated, but not as completely as stops
-small hole is left between open
-air is forced through this hole & air friction creates a niose
-noise=frication
-f,v,s,z,h,th,sh,zh

Front 61

Affricatives

Back 61

-all found on palate
-vocal tract occulated, air is forced through and friction creates a noise
-begins as stops and released as fricatives
-j,ch

Front 62

Nasals

Back 62

-vocal tract is completely closed
-velopharyngeal port is opened
-phonation sound escapes through nose and is resonated by the nose insteade of mouth
-m,n,ng

Front 63

Semi-vowels

Back 63

-consonants that have mant vowel-like characteristics
-phonation is always continuous
-w,y= glides
-l,r= liquids

Front 64

Voicing

Back 64

-when consonants are made with the vocal folds creating phonation throughout, or not

Front 65

Voiced

Back 65

consonants with continuous voicing

Front 66

Voiceless

Back 66

consonants with interrupted voicing

Front 67

Palatal

Back 67

-tongue against middle of palate

Front 68

Alveolar

Back 68

-tongue against the ridge behind teeth (t,d,s,z)

Front 69

Interdental

Back 69

-tongue againts the teeth
(this, that, math)

Front 70

Velar

Back 70

-tongue against the soft palate

Front 71

Labrodental

Back 71

lower-lip against upper teeth (f,v)

Front 72

Bilabial

Back 72

upper and lower lips together