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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is a cleft?
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an opening of structres normally closed.
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Where can a celft occur on the face?
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There are Clefts of the Lip, and Palate.
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When are the critical times of the face in order of normal development?
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weeks 4-12 for the face, and 8-12 weeks for palate
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What is the Maxillae?
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A Pair of large facial bones that form the hard palate and upper jaw.
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What is the Alveolar process?
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This is the outer edge of the mazillary bones.
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What is the function of the hard palate?
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To seperate the oral and nasal cavatives.
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What is the function of the soft palate?
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to open and close a port between the nose and the mouth.
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What is the average incidence for a cleft to occur?
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1 in 750 births
*25% have cleft lip only *25% have cleft palate only *50% have clefts of both. |
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What are the 3 main causes of a cleft?
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1) Genetic
2) Chromosomal 3) Teratogenic |
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What is ment by Teratogenic causes?
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*drugs
*substance abuse *Radiation *maternal infections or diseases |
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What are the three clinical classifications of clefts?
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Laterality: Unilateral(one side) Bilateral(both sides)
Severity: Complete or Incomplete Structre(s):Lip and/or Palate |
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Who are the important people in making a diagnosis for Clefts?
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*Parents
*The Surgeon *SLP *Orthodontist *Dentist *Social Workers |
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What does the cleft lip do to effect your speech?
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It actually isn't to much trouble
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What is the effect of a cleft palate on speech?
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*resonance changes
*articulatory changes ~weak consonants ~nasal emission ~articulators need to compensate *Voice can sound horse |
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How doe s a cleft effect Language?
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Generally there is a expressive language delay, but also they are susceptable to receptive delays.
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Why can language be effected due to a cleft?
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*hearing problems
*less language stimulation at an early age *direct relationships to the medical condition |
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Other issues that effect cleft patients?
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*Psycho-social issues
~scarring ~different face apperence *Higher incidence of LD/BD *Missed school days *May have feeding issues |
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What is the treatment for a cleft?
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*Surgery
~Lip surgery at 3-4 months of age ~Palate Surgery: *usually at 12 months, if speech problems persist a second one is done a 5-6 years of age. *SLP Therapy *Prosthetics |
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What is the prevelence of Aphasia in America?
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1 million people have it. Most common and prevelant adult language disorder.
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What is the most frequent casue of Aphasia?
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Strokes
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Name the three types of strokes associated with Aphasia.
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1) Thrombotic
2) Embolic 3) Hemorrhagic |
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What is a Thrombotic Stroke?
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A build up of plaque that blocks an artery
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What is an Embolic Stroke?
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A blood clot forms somewhere in the body, breaks off, and is carried to an artery in the brain. It then lodges and blocks the blood supply.
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What is a Hemorrhagic Stroke?
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A weakended arterial wall bursts and flood flows freely into the brain tissue causeing increased sweeling and pressure in the brian.
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Besides strokes what are other causes of Aphasia?
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Head Injury
Tumor |
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What is Wernicke's Aphasia?
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*Speech is well articulated, but it lacks content.
*Poor auditory comprehension *the Lesion is in the posterioe cortex. |
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What is Broca's Aphasia?
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*Speech is slow and labored=poor verbal expression.
*Good comprehension *Omiision of grammatical forms *Wriiting is impaired *Lesion is in the anterior cortex. |
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How does one evaluate Aphasia?
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*Auditory Comprehension
*Reading Comprehension *Conversation fluency *Naming Ability *Repition *Written Expression |
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What is dysarthria?
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A group of speech disorders caused by paralysis, weakness, or incoordination of the speech muscles.
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What is the main focus of Aphasia Therapy?
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the main thing of the therapy is to build bridges from the thigns a pateint can do to those that he or she cnanot do
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What are causes of Dysarthria?
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*Strokes (same three as aphasia)
*Head Injury ~Closed Head (no skull) ~Piercing (goes through the skull) *Dieases ~Parkinsons, MS, ALS *Toxic/Metabolic ~Heavy Metals ~Drugs |
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What is the Evaluation of Dysarthria include?
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*Medical chart/history review
*Interview with patient and/or family *Oral motor examination *Production of word lists *Intelligibility evaluation ~Speech, Readin, and Conversation *Naturalness of Speech THE HAPPENS OVER SEVERAL DAYS!!!! |
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What are some treatments of Dysarthria?
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*Sugical Intervention
~Brain Stimulator, minimalize seizure activity. *Medical/Pharmacetical |
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What is the reasons behind Speech Therapy in Dysarthria?
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*Drecreasing speech rate
*Relaxation Exercises *Over-articulating speech sounds *Increase respiratory support by improving posture and muscle strength *Augmentative and alternatice communication |
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What is Apraxia?
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Impairment in planning, coordination, and timed execution of movement patterns for speech.
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What is the primary cause of Apraxia?
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Strokes
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What is wrong with Speech in Apraxia?
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They tend to make error of articulation, recognize the errors, and make repeated attemts to correct the error; but each attemt may result in a different type of error.
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What is treatment for Apraxia like?
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*Sequenced production of speech sounds
*Oral Motor exercises: non-speech movements of the tounge and lips *Alternative and Augmentative Communication |
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What is a Laryngectomy?
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*Surgical Removal of the larynx-all the muscle, cartilage, and tissue.
~Included the Vocal Folds ~The person has NO voice left *Turn the trachea out to the front of the neck *Reconstruct the inside of throat for swallowing |
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What is the Incidence, and Prevelence of Laryngeal Cancer?
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3-5% of human cancer
About 13,000 Cases known |
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What are the common etiologies of people with laryngeal cancer?
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*smoking
*alcohol consumption *chemical exposure *Diet *Genetics |
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What are the common etiologies of people with laryngeal cancer?
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*smoking
*alcohol consumption *chemical exposure *Diet *Genetics |
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What are signs and syptoms of Laryngeal Cancer?
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*Persistent Hoarseness
*Trouble Breathing (Dyspnea) *Stridor (Trouble when you breath) *Pain *Persistent coughing *Hemoptysis (coughing up blood) *Swelling and/or tenderness in the neck |
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What are the three types of communication options after a laryngectomy?
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1) Artifical Larynx
2) Esophageal Speech 3) Tracheoesophageal Speech |
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What is an Artifical Larynx?
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*Medical Device
*Hold it to the neck or cheek |
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What is Esophageal Speech?
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*Take air into esophagus
*return it up *this vibrates the top of the esophagus (Like burping on conmand) |
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What is Tracheoesophageal Speech?
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*Small prosthesis alloes air from trachea to esophagus
*Vibrates the esophagus |
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What is Dysphagia?
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a swallowing disorder characterized by difficulty in oral preparation for the swalloe or the movement of material from the mouth to the stomach
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What can cause dysphagia?
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*Central neurological problems
*Peripheral Neurological problems *anatomical/structural problems *behavioral problems (RARE) *pysochological problems (rare) |
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What can go wrong during a swallow?
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*Can have problems in any stage
*Examples: ~Drooling ~Food pocketing in cheek ~Food/liquid spilling to throat to early. ~Food/Liquid sticking tothe throat ~Choke/cough |
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Name Stage One of the Swallowing process and explain it.
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ORAL PREPARTORY PHASE
*Lip closure *Facial tone *chewing ability ~rotary jaw motion ~rotary, lateral tounge motion *Soft Palate down, resting on back of tounge *Tounge gathers food and liquid when ready to swallow and holds in in the front of the mouth |
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Name Stage 2 of the swallowing process and explain it.
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ORAL TRANSIT
*1 sec or less to move material from front of mouth to the throat *should leave the mouth and tounge with no residue *ends the oral phase |