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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Piaget's Schemes=
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specific psychological structures;organized ways of making sense
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Two Processes that account for changes in schemes in Piaget's theory:
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Adaptation and Organization
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Adaptation:
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involves building schemes through direct interaction with the environment.
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Organization:
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a process that takes place internally apart from direct contact with the environment
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circular reaction
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provides a special means of adapting their first schemes, it involves stumbling onto a new experience caused by the baby's own motor activity.
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Sensorimotor Stage
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birth to age 2
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object permanence
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develops in substage 4
but not complete because they still make the A not B error. |
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mental representations
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allow deferred imitation and make believe play
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Develops earlier than Piaget suggested:
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object permanence
deferred imitation categorization problem solving by analogy |
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core knowledge persepctive
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babies are born with a set of innate knowledge systems.
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suggested domains of core knowledge:
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linguistic
psychological numerical physical |
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sensory register
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where sights and sounds are represented directly and stored briefly
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working/short term memory
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where we actively apply mental strategies as we work on a limited amount of info.
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central executive:
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special part of the working memory that directs the flow of information.
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long term memory
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our permanent knowledge base
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Information process improves with:
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attention
memory categorization (perceptual in year 1, conceptual in year 2) |
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Infant/Toddler Intelligence Scales
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Bayley scales (1-31/2 mths; test Motor Scale, Language Scale and Cognitive Scale)
HOME (home observation measurement of the environment) |
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Behaviorist theory of language development
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operant conditioning
imitation |
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Nativist theory of language development
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inborn language acquisition device - biologically prepares infants to learn rules of language
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interactionist theory of language development:
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inner capacities and environment work together
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infants becoming a communicator:
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joint attention (looking in direction of adult)
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underextension:
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applying a word to narrowly.
only 'bear' refers to their favorite stuffed animal |
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overextension:
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applying a word to a wider collection of objects and events than is appropriate.
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telegraphic speech:
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two word utterances
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young children style of early language: referential or expressive?
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referential - words that refer to objects
expressive - more pronouns and social formula |
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assimilation
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we use our current schemes to interpret the world
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accomodation
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creating new schemes or adjusting old ones after seeing that our current way of thinking does not capture the environment completely
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disequilibrium
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rapid cognitive change
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equilibrium
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assimilating more than accommodating - not changing
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