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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Transient Exuberance
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The great increase in the number of dendrites that occurs in an infants brain during the first two years of life.
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Synapse
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The intersection between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of other neurons.
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Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
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A situation in which a seemingly healthy infant, at least 2 months of age, suddenly stops breathing and dies unexpectedly.
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Shaken Baby Syndrome
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A life-threatening injury that occurs when an infant is forcefully shaken back and forth, a motion that ruptures blood vessels in the brain and breaks neural connections.
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Sensation
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The response of a sensory system (eyes, ears, skin, tongue, nose) when it detects a stimulus.
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Self-Righting
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The inborn drive to remedy a developmental deficit.
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REM Sleep
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Rapid eye movement sleep, a stage of sleep characterized by flickering eyes behind closed lids, dreaming, and rapid brain waves.
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Reflex
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An unlearned, involuntary action or movement emitted in response to a particular stimulus. A reflex is an automatic response that is built into the nervous system and occurs without conscious thought.
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Protein-calorie Malnutrition
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A condition in which a person does not consume sufficient food of any kind. This deprivation can result in several illnesses, severe weight loss, and even death.
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Prefrontal Cortex
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The area of the cortex at the front of the brain that specializes in anticipation, planning, and impulse control.
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Perception
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The mental processing of sensory information when the brain interprets a sensation.
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Percentile
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A point on a ranking scale of 0 to 100. The 50th percentile is the midpoint.
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Norm
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An average, or standard, measurement calculated from the measurements of many individuals within a specific group or population.
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Neuron
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One of the billions of nerve cells in the central nervous system, especially the brain.
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Motor skill
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The learned ability to move some part of the body, in actions ranging from a large leap to a flicker in the eyelid.
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Marasmus
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A disease of severe protein calorie malnutrition during early infancy, in which growth stops, body tissues waste away, and the infant eventually dies.
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Kwashiorkor
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A disease of chronic malnutrition during childhood, in which a protein deficiency makes the child more vulnerable to other diseases, such as measles, diarrhea, and influenza.
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Immunization
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A process that stimulates the body's immune system to defend against attack by a particular contagious disease.
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Head-Sparing
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A biological mechanism that protects the brain when malnutrition affects body growth. The brain is the last part of the body to be damaged by malnutrition.
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Gross Motor Skills
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Physical abilities involving large body movements, such as walking and jumping.
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Fine Motor Skills
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Physical abilities involving small body movements, especially of the hands and fingers, such as drawing and picking up a coin.
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Experience-Expectant Brain Functions
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Brain functions that require certain basic common experiences in order to develop normally.
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Experience-Dependent Brain Functions
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Brain functions that depend on the particular, variable experiences and that therefore may or may not develop in a particular infant.
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Dendrite
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A fiber that extends from a neuron and receives electrochemical impulses transmitted from other neurons via their axons.
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Co-Sleeping
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A custom in which parents and their children (usually infants) sleep together in the same bed.
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Cortex
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The outer layers of the brain in humans and other mammals. Most thinking feeling and sensing involve the cortex.
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Binocular Vision
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The ability to focus the two eyes in a coordinated manner in order to see one image.
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Axon
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a fiber that extends from a neuron and transmits electrochemical impulses from that neuron to the dendrites of other neurons.
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