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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Gray Matter |
Comprised of: - Neuron cell bodies - Glia & Schwann cells - Dendrites - Axon Terminals - Unmyelinated fibers |
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White Matter |
Comprised of: - Myelinated axons |
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Terms for: Groups of nerve cell bodies |
- Ganglia - Nucleus - Center - Body - Cortex - Horn - Lamina - Formation |
Gangly Nerve Cell Bodies Cant Have Lasting Form |
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Nucleus |
group of cell bodies w/in CNS |
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Ganglia |
masses of sensory cell bodies w/in PNS |
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Terms for: Fiber Pathways |
- Commisure - Brachium - Capsule - Fasciculus - Tract - Ansa - Peduncle |
Communication Breakdown Can Fast Track Another Problem |
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Decussation |
- A crossing - When sensory or motor pathway begins on one side of the body, but crosses to the other side -Ex: Cell bodies of the pyramidal tract originate in the cortex, axons descend to medulla, 90% of fibers cross over to opp side of body, 10% remain ipsilateral |
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CNS vs PNS |
- CNS: Brain and Spinal Cord - PNS: Cranial and spinal nerves outside of the CNS |
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Brain Divisions of CNS |
- Cerebrum - Hemispheres - Basal Ganglia - Limbic Lobe |
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Gyrus |
Folded tissue of cortex |
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Sulcus/Fissure |
Grooves within cortex tissue |
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Broadman's Regions |
Areas of the brain mapped out based on the underlying cytoarchitecture (neuronal position of diff parts of the cortex) |
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BA 44 and 45 |
Broca's Area - Motor planning for speech production |
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BA 22 |
Wernicke's Area - Auditory processing of speech |
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BA 3, 1, 2 |
Post Central Gyrus |
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BA 4 |
Pre-Central Gyrus - primary sensory strip |
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BA 17 |
Primary Visual Cortex |
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BA 18 & 19 |
Visual Association Cortex |
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Frontal Lobe |
- Anterior lobe - Motor planning/Execution - Language: Broca's Area |
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Parietal Lobe |
- Posterior to central sulcus - Processes sensations of pain, temp, and touch - Language F(x) - Spatial Attn (lesion could cause left hemi neglect
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Temporal Lobe |
- Inferior to Sylvian Fissure - Auditory Processing (Left is specialized for speech; Wernicke's Area) - Semantic memory |
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Occipital Lobe |
- Back of the brain - Process visual info |
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Commissural Fibers |
- Connect different hemis Ex: Corpus Callosum |
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Association Fibers |
- Connect diff regions w/in the same hemi - Ex: Arcuate fasciculus - connects frontal and temporal lobes |
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Projection Fibers |
- Connect cerebral cortex w/ brain stem & spinal cord - Ex: Corticobulbar pathway - connects motor cortex to cranial nerve nuclei w/in the brain |
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Primary Motor Cortex |
- Located in precentral gyrus (BA 4) of frontal lobe
-Sends out final motor execution signals to brainstem and spinal cord
- Somatotopically organized: different regions are responsible for diff regions of the body (humunculous) |
Located where? Does what? Organized how? |
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Primary Somatosensory Cortex |
- Located posterior to central sulcus in the postcentral gyrus (BA 3, 1, 2)
- Recieves info re: bodily sensations (touch, pain, temp)
- Somatotopically organized |
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Primary Auditory Cortex |
- Located in Herschel's gyrus in Temp. lobe - Recieves incoming sensory data - Tonotopically organized: diff portions respond to diff frequencies |
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Primary Visual Cortex |
- Located in occipital lobe along Calcarine fissure - Recieves visual signals from retina and optic tract; processes vision - Retinotopically organized: Diff portions associated w/ diff regions of the retinas |
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Association Cortex |
- Performs higher order processing on info from primary sensory cortex |
what does it do? |
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Flow of info btwn Primary and Association corteces |
- Incoming sensory info goes directly to primary sensory corteces, then is interpreted and integrated in association corteces - Motor info must be planned by association cortex before being sent out by primary motor cortex |
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Unimodal |
Only the info coming from adjacent sensory cortex is processed - usually located adjacent to primary motor or sensory cortex - Ex: Unimodal Visual Ass. Cortex puts together the info processed w/in primary visual cortex |
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Polymodal |
2+ types of sensory info are integrated -Ex: integrating auditory info from temp lobe and visual info from occ. lobe in order to learn to read Matches present sensory info w/past sensory info - Ex: Knowing that the object you four feeling in your pocket is a key |
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Supramodal |
Abstract info being processed (not directly linked to sensory or motor F(x) ) - Highest level processing - Ex: Goals, Strategies, Language, Motivation |
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Subcortical Structures |
Diencephalon - Thalamus - Hypothalamus - Epithalamus - Subthalamus Basal Ganglia Substantia Nigra Subthalamic Nucleus |
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Cerebellum |
- Located toward rear of brain below cerebellum
- Involved in coordination of movement |
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Brainstem |
- Located above spinal cord and below subcortical regions - Holds cranial nerve nuclei which innervate muscles and sensory F(x) of head and neck -Plays major role in volitional & reflexives portion of oral and pharyngeal phases of swallow |
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