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297 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two trunking protocols supported by Cisco switches? |
802.1q and ISL.
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How do you change the setting of the configuration register?
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config-register
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You configure a serial connection with PPP. When you enter: show int fa 0/0 you see the interface is up/up and LCP is open but you can't communicate. What is the problem?
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Incorrect IP or Subnet
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How do you debug PPP authentication?
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#debug ppp authentication
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How can you verify the status of PPP athentication
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show int s 0/0 and then view if LCP is open (Working) or closed (failed)
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Why do you use PPP?
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To communicate on point to point links between non Cisco devices
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What are the possible RSTP states?
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"Discarding, Learning, Forwarding"
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What are the possible STP states?
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"Disabled, Blocking, Listening, Learning, Forwarding"
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What does (config)# line con 0 allow you to do?
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"Change the setting on the console such as MOTD banner, password and username"
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How many bytes in an IPv6 Address?
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16 bytes
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How many bits in an IPv6 Address?
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128
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How many bits in an IPv4 Address?
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32
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Can the following hosts talk to eachother without a router? 192.168.10.17 /28 ------ 192.168.10.32 /28
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No
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How many hosts are on a /24 Network? What is it's subnet mask? What is it's wildcard mask?
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255.255.255.0 //// 2^8 - 2 = 254 // 0.0.0.255
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How many hosts are on a /25 Network? What is it's subnet mask? What is it's wildcard mask?
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255.255.255.128 //// 2^7 - 2 = 126 // 0.0.0.127
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How many hosts are on a /26 Network? What is it's subnet mask? What is it's wildcard mask?
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255.255.255.192 //// 2^6 - 2 = 62 // 0.0.0.63
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How many hosts are on a /27 Network? What is it's subnet mask? What is it's wildcard mask?
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255.255.255.224 //// 2^5 - 2 = 30 // 0.0.0.31
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How many hosts are on a /28 Network? What is it's subnet mask? What is it's wildcard mask?
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255.255.255.240 //// 2^4 - 2 = 14 // 0.0.0.15
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How many hosts are on a /29 Network? What is it's subnet mask? What is it's wildcard mask?
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255.255.255.248 //// 2^3 - 2 = 6 // 0.0.0.7
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How many hosts are on a /30 Network? What is it's subnet mask? What is it's wildcard mask?
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255.255.255.252 //// 2^2 - 2 = 2 // 0.0.0.3
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What port is FTP?
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21
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What port is SMTP?
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25
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What port is DNS?
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53
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How do you stop DNS lookup on a router?
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(config)#: no ip domain-lookup
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How to you set multiple ports at one time?
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(config)#: int range fa 0/1-4
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What is the loopback address?
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127.0.0.1
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What ports is DHCP
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Ports 67 and 68
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What is a Class A IP Address?
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1-126
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What is a Class B IP Address?
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128-191
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What is a Class C IP Address?
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192-223
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What is a Class A Private IP Address?
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10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
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What is a Class B Private IP Address?
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172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
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What is a Class C Private IP Address?
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192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
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What is RIP's administrative distance?
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120
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What algortihm does RIP use?
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Bellman Ford (Distance Vector)
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What algortihm does EIGRP use?
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Dual
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What algortihm does OSPF use?
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Dijkstra
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What algortihm does BGP use?
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Dijkstra
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What algortihm does IS-IS use?
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Path Selection
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What is EIGRP Administrative Distance?
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90 (External) / 170 (External)
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What is OSPF Administrative Distance?
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110
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What is IS-IS Administrative Distance?
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115
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What is BGPs Administrative Distance?
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20 / 200 (IBGP)
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"The following is a partial output of the show interfaces command: ""Serial 0 is up, line protocol is down"" What does this signify?"
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The physical connection is working but there's a problem with the configuration or the interface is shutdown
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How do you troubleshoot a startup problem on a switch? What does post stand for?
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Show post /// Power on self test
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How do you view realtime updates of RIP?
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debug ip rip
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How often does RIP send routing updates?
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30 seconds
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How do you set PPP encapsulation on a router?
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encapsulation PPP
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How do you copy an IOS image config from one router to another
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copy tftp flash
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Why would you select PPP over HDLC for a WAN network?
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HDLC is Cisco specific while PPP can be used between vendors
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How do you set the enabled password?
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enable privilaged password (password)
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How do you configure the enable password for the rotuer ?
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enable password (password)
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How do you configure which commands are accessible at various levels?
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privilege level
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What are the five network topologies?
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"Bus, Ring, Star, Mesh, Hybrid"
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What are the there major categories of WAN technologies?
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"Circuit Switched, Packet (Or cell) switched, Point to Point (Directed)"
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What WAN technologies use circuit switched?
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ISDN
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What are the advantages of circuit switched?
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"Cost (Cheaper), Scalability (Easy to install and expand), availability"
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How do packet switched tecnologies work? What are the advantages?
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"After each message is sent, the circuit is cleared. This allows multiple connections through one device"
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Which OSI layer is concered with reliable end-to-end delivery of data?
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Transport
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Which is connectionless? TCP or UDP?
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UDP
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At which layer of the OSI model would you find framing?
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Data link
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Which layer of the TCP/IP stack is routing and logical addressing found?
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Internet
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Which layer of the TCP/IP stack is framing found?
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Network
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What TCP transport layer protocol provides IP address resolution for domain names?
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DNS
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What are the steps in a 3 way hand shake?
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"SYN, SYN/ACK, ACK"
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What is the CIR?
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Commited Information rate - minimum bandwidth guaranteed by the provider
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What does TTL do?
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Time to live - prevents routing loops by creating a number of hops till end
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What HDLC field is specific to Cisco?
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Type field
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What layer 4 features is used for reliability?
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"The process of numbering, acknowleding each packet"
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A protocol that requires an exchange of messages before data transfer begins ?
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Connection oriented
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The switch fully receives all bits in the frame before forwarding the frame. This allows the switch to check the FCS before forwarding the frame
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Store and Forward Switching
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The switch forwards the frame as soon as it can. This reduces latency but does not allow the switch to discard frames that fail the FCS check.
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Cut-through switching method
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"The switch forwards the frame after receiving the first 64 bytes of the frame, thereby avoiding forwarding frames that were errored due to a collision"
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Fragment-free switching method
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"Cisco uses three terms to describe the role of each switch, what are they?"
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"Core, Distrubtion, Access"
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What are the default settings on a console port?
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* 9600 bits/second* No hardware flow control* 8-bit ASCII* No stop bits* 1 parity bit
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What are the four major types of memory on a Cisco switch?
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"RAM, ROM, NVRAM, Flash"
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What is stored in RAM?
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Running config
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What is stored in ROM?
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Stores a bootstrap program that is loaded when the switch powers on and finds the full Cisco IOS image and manages loading the IOS into RAM
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What is stored in Flash?
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Cisco IOS images
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How do you configure SSH on a switch
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"All of these are required: hostname, ip domain-name, RSA key, username and password"
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What are the message banners you can change?
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"MOTD, login, exec"
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How do you determine the DCE end of a connection?
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show controllers
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"What routing protocols use the interface bandwidth settings to set their default metrics, with the metrics impacting a router's choice of the best IP route to reach each subnet?"
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OSPF and EIGRP
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How do you copy an IOS image into flash?
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"Step 1 - Obtain IOS image from Cisco, by downloading the IOS image from Cisco.com using HTTP or FTP. Step 2 - Place IOS image into the default directory of a TFTP server that is accessible from the router. Step 3 - Issue the copy command from the router, copying the file into Flash memory. --> R1#copy tftp flash"
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How do you show the current value of the register?
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show version
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To enter the ROM monitor set the configuration register value to?
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0x2100
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What metric does RIP use?
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Hop count
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What metric does EIGRP use?
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"Bandwidth, Load and delay"
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What is the multicast address for RIPv2 addresses?
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224.0.0.9
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"This command lists information about the RIP configuration, plus the IP addresses of neighboring RIP routers from which the local router has learned routes."
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show ip protocols
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What is the administrative distance of EIGRP?
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90
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What is the administrative distance of OSPF?
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110
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What is the administrative distance of directly connected routes?
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0
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What is the administartive distance of a static route?
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1
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How do RIPv1 & RIPv2 send updates?
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"v1: broadcast, v2: multicast"
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How do you apply an access list to an interface?
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ip access-group (# or Name) (inbound or outbound)
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"When placing a standard access list, do you want to placer it as close as possible to source or destination?"
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destination
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What do standard access lists filter on?
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Source address
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How do you configure a static route?
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ip route (network) (mask)
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What can extended access list filter on?
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"Source IP, Destination IP, Protocol, Port Numbers"
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How do you stop RIP from sending updates on a given interface?
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passive-interface [default] {interface type/number}
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The process by which a TCP/IP host sends data can be viewed as a five-step process.
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Step 1 - Create and encapsulate the application data with any required application layer headers. Step 2 - Encapsulate the data supplied by the application layer inside a transport layer header. Step 3 - Encapsulate the data supplied by the transport layer inside an internet layer (IP) header. Step 4 - Encapsulate the data supplied by the internet layer inside a network access layer header and trailer. Step 5 - Transmit the bits.
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When would a switch revert to store and forward mode?
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"When a port is already busy transmitting or receiving and another station sends a frame to that busy port, the switch will store the new frame until the port is available."
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"When a frame is too big to fit on an intermediate LAN, what happens?"
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Network will fragment it
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What are the two trunking protocols supported by Cisco switches?
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802.1q and ISL.
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How do you change the setting of the configuration register?
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config-register
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What would an ack 10 mean in TCP
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I received packet 10 and am ready for 11
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How do you set the telnet password?
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"line vty 0 4, password ________, login ----- You must have login or it won't work"
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How do you erase the start up config
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erase startup
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How do you copy the running config to the start up config?
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copy run start
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How often are BPDU exchanged?
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A bridge protocol unit is exchanged every 2 seconds allowing a switch to keep track of changes
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Which WLAN IEEE specification allows up to 54 Mbps at 2.4 GHz?
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Wireless G
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Which WLAN IEEE specification allows up to 600 Mbps at 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz?
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Wireless N
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What command do you use to back up an IOS?
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Copy flash tftp
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What protocol does DHCP use at the Transport layer?
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DHCP is connectionless and thus uses UDP
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How do you see what access lists are applied to a given interface?
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show ip interface
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The Protocol Data Unit Encapsulation (PDU) is completed in which order?
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"PDU encapsulation defines how data in encoded as it goes throug heach layer of the network. Data is segment at the transport layer, pckets are created at the network layer, frames at the data link, and bits at the physical"
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What protocols are used to configure trunking on a switch?
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802.1Q and ISL encapsulation are used to confiure trunking on a port.
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How do you restore a Cisco IOS?
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copy tftp flash
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A bridge connecting two hubs creates how many collision domains?
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Two - a bridge seperates collision domains
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What level of the OSI model do hubs operate at?
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One
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"Acknowlegements, sequencing and flow control are characteristics of which OSI layer?"
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Transport
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"Which layer of the OSI model offers three different modes of communication: simplex, half duplex, full duplex"
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Session
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What layer 1 devices allow you to enlarge the area covered by a network?
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"Hub, repeater"
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What layer of the OSI model do applications operate at?
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They don't. Applications utilize the application layer of the OSI model to communicate however they do not operate in the OSI model
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What are common types of flow control?
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"Windowing, buffering, congestion avoidence"
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Does telnet use TCP or UDP?
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TCP
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How does DHCP resolve IP conflicts?
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When a DHCP conflict is detectedeither by the server sending a ping and getting a response or by a host using a gratuitous ARP for it's own IP then the serve will hold that address and not use it until it's fixed by the administrator
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Which of the following allows a router to respond to an ARP request that is inteded for a remote host?
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Proxy ARP can help machines on a subnet reach reomte subnets without configuring routing or a default gateway.
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What is a Gratuitous ARP?
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Gratuitous ARP is sent by a machine who received an IP address from a DHCP server. Gratuitous ARP sends a broadcast to detect if anyone else has the address it was assigned
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What layer in the TCP/IP stack is equivalent to the transport layer in the OSI model?
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Host-to-Host
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What layer in the OSI model is equivalent to the network layer in the TCP/IP stack?
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Internet
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"When a ping to the loopback address fails, what can you assume?"
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The IP stack isn't initialize
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"When a ping to the localhost fails, what can you assume?"
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The Nic isn't functional
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What command displays the ARP table on a Cisco router?
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show ip arp
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What is the function of the session layer of the OSI model?
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"The session layer is responsible for creating, managing, and ending communication sessions between presentation layer entities."
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"You have a network with a subnet of 172.16.17.0 /22, is 172.16.18.255 / 255.255.255.252.0 a valid address?"
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Yes. The network address is 172.16.16.0. The broadcast is 172.16.19.255
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"When you enter show run, you get the following output: Exec-timeout 1 44 - What does this mean?"
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If no commands have been typed in 1 minute 44 sec the console will close the connection
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You've configured a password however it shows up: Password 7 1QW23BA - What command would do this?
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service password-encryption
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How do you clear the contents of NVRAM? What does this clear?
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This clears the startup config and erase startup-config will do the trick
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What is required to configure SSH on a router?
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"username, ip domani name, login local, transport input ssh under VTY lines and the crypto key. SSH version 2 is not required but suggested"
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"Where is the location of the following: IOS, startup config, and running config?"
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"IOS: Flash, Startup: NVRAM, Running, RAM"
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How can you determine your CPU utilization on a router?
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show processses
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What is router on a stick?
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Router on a stick is the process by which two different vlans can communicate using a router with one port. The router has two factional interfaces used to carry the traffic.
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How do you delete a VLAN from a switch and why does it not get deleted when you delete the startup config?
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delete vlan.dat clears the vlan database. Deleting the startup config deletes NVRAM. The vlan.dat file is contained in Flash
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Is DHCP TCP or UDP? And what port number is it?
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UDP - 67 68
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Is DNS TCP or UDP? And what port number is it?
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Both - 53
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Is TFTP TCP or UDP? And what port number is it?
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UDP - 69
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Is NTP TCP or UDP? And what port number is it?
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TCP - 123
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Is SSH TCP or UDP? And what port number is it?
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TCP - 22
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Is Telnet TCP or UDP? And what port number is it?
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TCP - 23
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Is HTTPS TCP or UDP? And what port number is it?
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TCP - 443
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Is FTP TCP or UDP? And what port number is it?
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TCP - 21
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Is HTTP TCP or UDP? And what port number is it?
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TCP - 80
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Is SMTP TCP or UDP? And what port number is it?
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TCP - 25
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Is POP3 TCP or UDP? And what port number is it?
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TCP = 110
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Is SNMP TCP or UDP? And what port number is it?
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UDP - 161
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Is VOIP TCP or UDP? And what port number is it?
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"UDP - 16,384-32,767"
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What is the default config register if the router is booting correctly?
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0x2102
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What do you set the config register to in order to skip booting the startup config?
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0x2142
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How do you encrypt all passwords on a router?
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service password-encryption
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What is EIGRP feasible distance?
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The advertised distance from another router plus the distance to get to that router
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What is EIGRP reported distance?
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The metric advertised by a report to get to another router
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How do you show the MAC address connected to a switch port?
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show mac address-table
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How do you show what ports are trunk ports on a switch as well as what vlans are allowed in the trunk?
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show int trunk
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What is the difference between bridges and layer 2 switching?
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Switches are hardware based while bridges are software based
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How can you restrict access to your network using a switch? What commands would you use?
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"Using port security. Go to an interface, switchport port-security"
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"After the election of a root bridge, how do switches exchange information?"
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Using BPDU - bridge protocol data units where they compare information to their neighbors
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How is a root bridge elected?
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"Bridge priority, if it isn't set, it'll use the default of 32,768 and then use the MAC as a tie breaker"
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"When using STP, how can you speed up network convergence?"
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Creating core switches with a low priority
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What command changes a switch into RSTP?
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spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst
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"Which router component stores the routing tables, packet buffer, and ARP cache?"
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"RAM holds the router's routing table, packet buffers, and ARP cache. The running config is also stored in RAM. On most Cisco routers, the lOS is loaded into RAM as well"
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How can you set IP addresses on a VLAN?
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Set the ip address to a specific VLAN - This is done for remote management
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"What command displays the switch's configured IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway?"
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show ip interface
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"If a switch has both an enable password and an enable secret password, which password takes priority?"
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"When a switch has the enable password and enable secret password configured, the switch will use the enable secret password as the password to enter privileged EXEC mode"
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What four things need to be the same for two OSPF neighboors to interact?
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"Authentication, subnet mask, area, timer"
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What command displays the vlan status of ports on a switch? As well as which trunks allow which vlans?
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show interfaces switchport
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How do you set what VLANS are allowed on a trunk?
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"Go to the interface, then issue: switchport mode trunk allowed vlan add ____"
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"During an STP election, how is the root switched elected? If they tie?"
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"By bridge ID in the BPDU. If they tie, then the lowest MAC address is used"
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What is a root port and how is it elected?
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A root port is chosen based on the lowest cost to reach the root bridge. If a switch is itself a root port and in a collision domain then it'll default to lowest STP priority then lower internal interface #
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Enabling Portfast and BPDU Guard accomplishes what?
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It's used to prevent a user from adding a router and changing the topology. Instead it would disable the port after learning it was changing the topology. Portfast automatically forwards all traffic on the port
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How do you show the root bridge ID in spanning tree?
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show spanning-tree vlan __ bridge id
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How do you stop an OSPF router from participating in a DR election?
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Set the priority to zero
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How does EIGRP send topology updates?
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Multicast - via 224.0.0.10
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"In the context of EIGRP, what does RTP stand for?"
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Reliable transport protocol
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What is the default priority for a bridge?
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"32,768"
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What is thecost of a 10 Mbps link according to IEEE? 100 Mbps? 1 Gbps? 10 Gbps?
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"From lowest to highest: 100, 19, 4, 2"
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How often does the root switch send BPDU?
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2 Seconds
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What is the amount of time a switch using STP waits to switch the topology?
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10 sec
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"When switching from a blocking state to a forwarding state, what is the default listening delay and what is it called?"
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Forward delay - 15 sec
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What does BPDU watch for?
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It watches for BPDU then disables the port if it recieves any
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What is the Bridge ID (BID) comprised of?
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4 Bits - Priority / 12 Bits - System ID (VLAN ID) / 6 bytes or 48 bits - System ID (MAC)
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What are the requirements which selecting a VLAN priority number?
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"Must be a multiple of 0, 4096, 8192……….."
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Why do you set the cost of a VLAN?
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Generally used to set the cost of trunks to help for root cost calculations
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How do you debug spanning tree?
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debug spanning-tree events
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How do you force a switch immediately to become the root switch?
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spanning-tree vlan vlan-id root primary
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How do you create an etherchannel? What commands?
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"config t, int _______, channel-group # mode on"
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Can the ether channel differ between switches?
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Yes. It must remain the same for all ports locally but may differ between two connected switches
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What two protocols does Cisco support to use dynamic EtherChannel?
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Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP) and Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP)
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How do you enable dynamic EtherChannel?
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"channel-group # mode desirable or channel-group # mode active ------ Note, both do not work and if etherchannel is already active (Or on) it will not work."
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How do you see the root cost (What command)? Where does it list the cost?
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show spanning-tree (root) - lists the root cost at the top in the section about the root switch and the interface cost at the bottom.
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How do you configure an ip helper address?
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"config t, int _______, ip helper-address (Address of PC or w/e is your relay agent)"
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What is an ip helper address?
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A DHCP relay agent is any host that forwards DHCP packets between clients and servers. Relay agents are used to forward requests and replies between clients and servers
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What are standard access list numbers?
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"0-99, 1300-1999"
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What are extended access list numbers?
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"100-199, 2000-2699"
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What is the order of the IP header?
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"Misc Fields, Protocol Type, Header Checksum, Source IP, Destination IP, options, next header"
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What type of access list requires a user to login via telnet before allowing traffic?
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Dynamic
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What type of access list is required to enable a reflexive ACL
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Named ACL
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How does a reflexive ACL work?
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"When a user sends a packet to a webserver, the router will create a new session. This session will then allow responses on the given port number associated with the original traffic"
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What are two link state routing protocols?
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OSPF and IS-IS
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What is route poisoning?
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A router advertising a failed route with an infinite metric
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What is split horizon?
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"If routing updates sent out interface X, do not include routing formation about routers that refer to interface x as the out going interface ---- Or don't send updates back to where you got them from"
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How do you enable authentication in OSPF? And encrpyted authentication?
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ip ospf authentication (Key value) ////// ip ospf authentication message-digest
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"In order for two routers to be neighbors in EIGRP, what must be true?"
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"Must pass authentication, same AS number, the source IP address used by the neighbor's hello must be in the same network"
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What is considered when calculating an EIGRP metric?
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"Link speed, bandwidth, and cumulative delay"
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What is feasible distance?
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The metric of the best route to reach a subnet as calculated from a router
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What is reported distance?
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The metric as calculated on a neighboring router and then report and learned in an EIGRP update
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"When the show show spanning-tree command, what will tell you if ether channel is enabled?"
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show spanning-tree
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"When configuring a router on a stick, what commands do you issue?"
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"config t, int ___.___ (fractional interface), encapsulation dot1Q VLANID (Native)"
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What mode prevents a switch from sharing VLAN information to other switches?
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Transparent
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"When using OSPF, what relationship will two routers which are not the BR or BDR?"
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2 Way - Not full because a router will only have a full relationship with the BDR or DR if it isn't either
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How does frame relay uniquely identify packets?
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DCLI - Data Link Connection Identifier
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What is a virtual circuit? What are the two types?
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The logical path between two frame relay DTE's. Switched and permanent (SVC and PVC)
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What is LMI? What function does it preform?
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LMI is the definition of the message used between the DTE and DCE - It is NOT the encapsulation. Preforms the keep alive on a link and signal if the PVC is active or inactive
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What are the types of LMI? Which ones work together?
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"Cisco, ANSI, and ITU - None of them work together"
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What are the two ways to associate a frame relay DCLI with a sub interface? Which disables inverse ARP?
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Via the following commands: frame-relay interface-dcli &&& frame-relay map - map disables the inverse ARP
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"In the config files, what DLCI numbers show up?"
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Only the local - the global do not.
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What are the 3 VPN encryption algorithms and what are their key lengths?
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Data Encrpytion Standard (DES) - 56 //// Triple DES (3DES) - 56x3 //// Advanced Encrpytion Standard (AES) - 128 and 256
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What are the 3 DH options and their key lengths?
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DH-1: 768 /// DH-2: 1024 //// DH-5: 1536 --- All are in bits
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IPSec defines what two security protocols?
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Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) - IP Authentication Header (AH)
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"What is the default maximum possible routes to a network in OSPF? For instance, if there were ten routes to a network, how many would be placed into a routing table?"
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Default is 4
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What three commands list the neighbors for a given OSPF interface?
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"show ip ospf interface, show ip ospf neighbor, show ip ospf neighbor (Interface)"
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What protocols support manual route summarization?
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OSPF and EIGRP and RIPv2
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How do you translate between IPv4 and IPv6?
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Network address translation – protocol translation (NAT-PT) translates between IPv4 and IPv6. Dual-stack allows a host or router to concurrently support both protocols.
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How do you support both IPv4 and IPv6 on one device?
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" Dual-stack allows a host or router to concurrently support both IPv4 and IPv6 - NAT-PT is meant to translate between 4 and 6, not utilize both"
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"When issuing the show ip route command, what code designation implies the route was learned from EIGRP?"
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D
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What is the process for selecting a router ID in EIGRP?
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"Router ID #, numerically # the highest loopback interface at the time EIGRP comes up --- Not interface #----, the highest non loopback interface Ip address"
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What does the maximum paths command do in EIGRP? What is the default?
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"Default is 4, it is the number of equal cost routes"
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How does unequal cost load balancing work in EIGRP?
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EIGRP uses variacne. Variance multiplier on the sub interface can be an integer between 1-128
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What is VTP transparent mode?
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"VTP transparent switches do not participate in VTP. A VTP transparent switch does not advertise its VLAN configuration and does not synchronize its VLAN configuration based on received advertisements, but transparent switches do forward VTP advertisements that they receive out their trunk ports in VTP Version 2."
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"In the following statement, what is 501 represent? router eigrp 501"
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Automatous Area Number
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What is FECN and BECN and DE?
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Forward Explicit Congestion Notification and Backward Explicit Congestion Notification and discard eligible
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"By default, what is the dead timer for OSPF and EIGRP relative to the hello timer?"
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"OSPF: 4x, EIGRP: 3x"
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"What is the 2195456 and what is 281600 in the following output: via 172.12.123.3 (2195456/ 281600), Serial0"
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"via 172.12.123.3 (2195456/ 281600), Serial0 - 281600, is the routeÆs Reported Distance."
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How do you configure a HSRP on a router?
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Configure an ip address on the interface then configure a standby (standby Group) ip (ip address) on each router
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What is HSRP's well known MAC address?
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00-00-0c-07-ac-xx
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What is the default priority for HSRP?
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100
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How do you configure a router to take over as the active router
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standby 5 priority (# > 100) preempt --> it must have a priority greater than the current active router
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How do you show the status of a router using HSRP?
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show standby
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How does load balancing work with HSRP?
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"Using multiple groups and IP addresses - it isn't true load balancing, just balancing by IP Address"
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What is the maximum number of routers in a GLBP?
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4
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What are the two ways GLBP can assign the next router to send traffic to?
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Round robin and weighted MAC
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"When creating a feasible successor route, EIGRP compares what metrics?"
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Reported distance of the potential successor must be less than the feasible distance of the successor
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"When adding a new network in EIGRP, do you use the wildcard or regular subnet mask?"
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Wildcard
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"When adding a new network in OSPF, do you use the wildcard or regular subnet mask?"
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Wildcard
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How do you set an EIGRP hello timer?
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ip hello-interval
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If you only want to allow a given MAC on a specific interface?
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switchport port-security mac-address XXXX.XXXX.XXXX
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The configuration keywords deseriable and auto relating to Ethernet channel relate to what protocol?
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PAgP
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The configuration keywords active and passive relating to Ethernet channel relate to what protocol?
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LACP
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What is an example of SNMP which Cisco makes?
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Cisco Prime
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What is the default level of logging on a cisco router?
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Debugging - Level 7 & below are all logging with 7 being default
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What is the name of the database that runs on a network device that can be accessed from an SNMP agent?
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MIB - Management Information Base - a NMS (Network Management station) can send commands to the SNMP agent softwrae which can read and write to the MIB
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What mode do you have to enter to reset a Cisco password switch?
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ROMMON
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How do you show all the LSA from OSPF?
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show ip ospf database
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"In OSPF, all links over 100 Mbps show up as a cost of what?"
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1. All calculations are 100 / Speed and if it's <1 it is = 1
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What does AVG stand for?
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Active Virtual Gateway
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How do you configure SNMP v2c?
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snmp-server coummity (string) RO|RW
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What are the levels of security in SNMP? What authentication and encryption is associated with them?
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Level-Command-Authentication Mode - Encryption /// noAuthNoPriv - noauth - Username - None /// authNoPriv - auth - MD5 or SHAo - None /// authPriv - priv - MD5 or SHA - DES or DES-56
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What are the seven system sverity levels?
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0 - Emergency / 1 - Alert / 2 - Critical / 3 - Error / 4 - Warning / 5 - Notification / 6 - Informational / 7 - Debugging
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How do you determine what level of logging is on?
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show logging
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How do you log messages to a sys log?
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logging trap 4 - this would trap all messages with a severity of 4 and lower.
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How does NetFlow differentiate packets?
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"Based on Source IP, Destination IP, Source Port #, Destination Port #, Layer 3 protocol, Type of Service (ToS) field), Input logical interface"
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How do you configure netflow to monitor inbound packets? Outbound packets?
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ip flow ingress (Inbound) // ip flow egress (outbound)
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"During the typical boot process, what is the first step when attempting to locate the operating system to load?"
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Check the register
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"If there is no start up configuration to load, how does the router respond?"
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Router asks the user if they'd like to enter setup mode
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How do you preform a password reset?
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"Boot to ROMMON by either breaking into the boot process from the console or removing all the flash memory. Set the config register to 0x2142, Boot the router to the IOS and now you can reach enable from console without needing a password"
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How do you show and change the licensing on a cisco device?
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show license udi // license install url & reload the router
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How do you see what modules are enabled on a cisco router license?
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show license feature
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How do you create a GRE tunneling interface on a router?
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"interface tunnel (number) \\ ip address (address) (mask) - must be in the same subnet as other end \\ tunnel source (interface) or tunnel source (ip-address) \\ tunnel destination ip-address \\ configure any routes needed ------> 1.) Create the tunnel, 2.) Assign IP's, 3.) Assign Destination, 4.) Configure Routes"
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How do you verify a GRE tunnel?
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show int tunnel or show ip int brief
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When do you use assign a DLCI to a local interface? And how?
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#frame-relay interface-dlci <dlci number> (use this on point-to-point subinterfaces)
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Frame relay: What is the meaning of a PVC Status = INACTIVE?
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"The connection from the local router to the switch is working, but the connection to the remote router is not available"
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What is needed to configure a VTP domain?
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#vtp mode server | client | transparent#vtp domain <name>#vtp password <password>#vtp pruning
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"In PPP, what protocol negotiates the network layer protocols?"
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NCP - Not LCP
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"Bridge ID Priority 32772 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 4)Address 0019.e86a.6f80
Aging Time 300 Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec What VLAN is this on?" |
Vlan 4 - given by system vlan ext field
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Do EIGRP and OSPF auto summarize by default?
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"OSPF - No, EIGRP - Yes"
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What is the forward delay timer?
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The amount of time spent in the listening state in STP
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Is it possible to have two servers in VTP?
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"Yes, they will share VTP information and revision numbers with eachother to keep the most up to date VLAN information"
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"Within netflow, what is a flow?"
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A flow is a unidirectional stream of packets between a specific source and a specific dsetination system. Netflow is based on the network layer thus uses IP addresses and their transport layer source and destination port numbers
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What are the three options on a port security violoation command? Which one discards traffic? Disables the interface? Increments a violation counter?
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"protect, restrict, and shutdown - they all discard offending traffic. Shutdown disables the interface. Restrict shuts down the interface and increments the violation counter"
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How do you see the status of ports filtered based on MAC address?
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show port security
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If you configure a router with pre empt will it always become the active router?
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No. It will only become the active router if it has the highest priority. Preempt just allows it to force an election .
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What is the purpose of a VPN?
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"Confidentiality / Privacy, Authentication, Data integrity, anti-replay"
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Does VTP require a password?
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"No, but if set it must match"
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Who sends the LMI messages?
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The DCE end - with the clockreate
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Imagine a frame relay frame is sent from R1 to R2. The frame experiences congestion while in transit. What is the most likely action of a frame relay switch that notices congestion?
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It would set the the FECN bit in the same direction that the frame is flowing and the BECN bit for frames flowing in the previous direction
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"Is the cost of a link / port added when a frame is received or sent? For instance if a switch has a port cost of 1 on an interface and it recieves a packet on that interface, what would it's cost be when it's sent out on an ethernet link?"
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"1, it is cost on the inbound interface. The next switch will view it as having a cost of 20 if it's interface had a cost of 19 for an ethernet link"
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