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173 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In what order do the 5 steps of data encapsulation take place
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1) User information converted into data
2) Data converted into segments 3) Segments are converted into packets or datagrams 4) Packets or datagrams are converted into frames 5) Frames are converted into bits |
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What kind of services are provided by the presentation layer L6
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PICT, JPEG, MIDI, MPEG, ASCII, EBCDIC
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What kind of services are provided by the session layer L5
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NFS, SQL, RPC, NetBIOS
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At what layer does segmentation take place
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Tranport Layer L4
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At what layer are packets created
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Network Layer L3
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At what layer are Frames
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Data Link L2
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How do you enable the banner on a Router
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Router(Config)#banner motd #
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What command instructs the Router to load the IOS from Read Only Memory
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boot system rom
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What is default subnet mask for a Class A address
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255.0.0.0
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What is default subnet mask for a Class B address
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255.255.0.0
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What is default subnet mask for a Class C address
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255.255.255.0
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What are the 3 main methods of flow control
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1) Windowing
2) Buffering 3) Source Quench Messaging |
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What are the correct encapsulation types for frame-relay
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1) CISCO
2)IETF |
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What type of WAN protocol uses PVCs
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Frame-Relay
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How would the IOS image be backed up to the tftp server
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copy flash tftp
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How does Store and Forward method work
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Switch waits for whole frame before forwarding
Latency varies w/ different Frame Sizes |
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Router configuration can be done by what 4 methods
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1) Memory (NVRAM)
2) Terminal (Console) 3) Network (TFTP) 4) Overwrite |
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How is the Auxiliary Password changed
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Router(config)# line aux 0
Router(config-line)# login Router(config-line)# password "pw to use" |
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How is the Virtual Terminal password changed
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Router(config)# line vty o 4
Router(config-line)# login Router(config-line)# password "pw to use" |
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How do you change the enable secret password
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Router(config)# enable secret "pw to use"
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How many access-lists are possible on an interface per protocol
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Only one access list for in and one for out on each interface per protocol
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What happens to a packet that is not permitted in the access list
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There is an implicit deny any at the end of an access list.
If the packet is not explicitly permitted it will be dropped |
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What are the access-list ranges for IP (standard and extended)
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1-99 IP Standard access list
100-199 IP Extended access list |
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What protocol is used to get an IP address from a known MAC address
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RARP = Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
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Which OSI Layer is responsible for putting 1s and 0s into a logical group
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L2 Data Link
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Which OSI Layer is responsible for addressing devices and routing through an internetwork
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L3 Network
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Which layer is responsible for flow control, acknowledgement, and windowing
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L4 Transport
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Which layer is responsible for coordinating communication between between systems
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L5 Session
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Which layer is responsible for negotiating data transfer syntax
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L6 Presentation
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Which layer is responsible for synchronizing sending and receiving applications, identifying and establishing the availability of the intended communication partner and determining if sufficient resources for the intended communication exists
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L7 Application
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CO is an acronym for what
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Central Office
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CPE is an acronym for what
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Customer Premises Equipment
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CSU/DSU is an acronym for what
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CSU = Channel Service Unit - device that connects end-user equipment to the local digital telephone loop
DSU = Data Services Unit - used to adapt the physical interface on a DTE device to a circuit like T1, DSU does the signal timing |
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What does Spanning-Tree Algorithm (STA) do
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Implemented by Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP) to prevent loops by creating a spanning tree
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Of the different switching types which one has the lowest latency
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Cut-through
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Of the different switching types which one has the highest latency
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Store and Forward
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What is the port number used by TCP
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Port 6
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What is the port number used by UDP
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Port 17
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Which protocol derives a hardware address from a known IP address
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ARP Address Resolution Protocol
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Which protocol works at the Internet Layer of the DOD model and is responsible for making routing decisions
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IP
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What port numbers are used by TCP and UDP to setup sessions with other hosts
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1023 and Above
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The User Datagram Protocol works at which Layer of the DOD model
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Transport Layer (Host to Host)
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Which protocol sends redirects back to an originating router
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Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
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Ping uses which Internet Layer protocol
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ICMP
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Which protocols use the Transport Layer
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TCP, UDP, SPX
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What is a connectionless protocol that uses the Transport Layer
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UDP
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Which protocol is used for booting diskless workstations
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Bootstrap Protocol
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What command is used for changing the enable password
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Router(config)# enable password "the password to use"
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What command is used to copy the configuration from NVRAM into running RAM
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copy startup-config running-config or copy start run
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Transport Layer is responsible for
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segmenting and reassembling data into a data stream
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Network Layer is responsible for
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Manages device addressing, tracks the location of devices, and determines best path
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Data Link Layer is responsible for
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the physical transmission of the data and handles error notification and flow control
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What is the auxiliary (AUX) port used for
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Modem connection for a console, or a dialup connection for temporary Dial on Demand Routing (DDR)
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How is the advance editing features enabled
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terminal editing
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What keys show the last command entered
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Ctrl + P
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What key has the IOS finish typing a command
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TAB
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What does erase start-up config do
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Erases the start-up configuration from NVRAM
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What is the administrative distance used for in static routes
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to rate the source's trustworthness
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Static routes are used for
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1) Defining a path to an IP destination network
2) Building routing tables to remote networks |
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Which command will display the routing table
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sh ip route
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Which protocol is used to manage and monitor the network
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SNMP
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When should static routing be used instead of dynamic routing
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Only a few routers to manage
To save bandwidth |
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What is the Routing Metric used by RIP
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Hop Count
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What is the Routing Algorithm used by IGRP
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Distance Vector
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What is the Routing Algorithm used by RIP
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Distance Vector
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What does a metric of 16 hops represent in a RIP routing network
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Destination is unreachable
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What Routing technique prevents the router from sending info though the same interface from which it was originally received
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Split Horizon
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RIP and IGRP are what type of protocol
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Distance Vector
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Which routing protocols use Autonomous Systems
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IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF, NLSP
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Which routing protocol sends their entire routing table every 30 seconds
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Distance Vector
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What is the default administrative distance of RIP
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120
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What is the default administrative distance of IGRP
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100
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What is the default CDP update broadcast rate
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60 seconds
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What is the default CDP hold time
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180 seconds
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What Frame type does CDP use to gather information about it's connected neighbor
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SNAP
http://www.wildpackets.com/resources/compendium/ethernet/frame_snap_iee8023 |
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What command disables DNS lookup
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no ip dommain-lookup
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What is the process to telnet into multiple routers but keep the sessions open all at the same time
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Ctrl+Shift+x
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When telneting into multiple routers simultaneously what command displays the connections
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sh sessions
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What is the default server exchange of SAP information
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60 seconds
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What command displays which ports have IP access list applied
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sh ip interface or sh running-config
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What type of connection supports applications requiring high-speed voice, video, and data communications
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ISDN
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What does ISDN Basic Rate Interface provide
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Two 64-Kbps B channels and one 16 Kbps channel
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What do Frame Relay DLCIs identify
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DLCI identifies a logical connection between DTE devices
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What does ISDN PRI support
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23 B channels and one 64 Kbps channel
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What is the default encapsulation on point to point link btwn two CISCO routers
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HDLC
High-Level Data Link Control http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Level_Data_Link_Control |
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What is required when using DDR
Dial-On-Demand Routing |
static-routing
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What is DDR
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a technique whereby a router can automatically initiate and close a circuit-switched session as transmitting stations demand. The router spoofs keepalives so that end stations treat the session as active. DDR permits routing over ISDN or telephone lines using an external ISDN terminal adaptor or modem.
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What commands provide router verification
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Ping
Trace Telnet |
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What is the primary characteristic of a connection oriented (reliable) protocol
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Issues Acknowledgements
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What are the advantages to segmenting a network w/ routers
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Manageability
Flow Control Explicit packet lifetime control Multiple active paths |
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What is true regarding store-and-forward switching method
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Latency depends on frame length
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What command display the contents of access list 102
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show access-list 102
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What is an administrative distance of 0
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0 is the default administrative distance for directly connected routes. The Router trusts a 0 distance the most
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At what layer does of the OSI does a Router operate
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L3 Network
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What does the command "boot system ROM" do
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Forces the router to load the IOS from ROM
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What do Bridges use to make packet forwarding decisions
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MAC address
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What do Routers use to make packet forwarding decisions
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IP address
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What CISCO command line matches the Ethernet_II encapsulation method
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ARPA Address and Routing Parameter Area.
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Arpa
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.arpa
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What is provided by User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
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Connectionless Datagram Activity
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What user device connects to a DCE
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DTE Data terminal equipment
converts user information into signals or reconverts received signals. These can also be called tail circuits. A DTE device communicates with the data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE). |
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DCE
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_terminal_equipment
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What layer of the OSI manages access to the network
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L2 Datalank LLC Sublayer
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What command enables CHAP on a serial interface using PPP
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ppp authentication chap
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How does a Router connect a device when its IP address is known but not its MAC address
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It uses ARP Address Resolution Protocol
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What command displays the ARP cache
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sh arp
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What PPP feature binds multiple channels to form a single logical channel
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multi-link ppp
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What is PPP
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Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is a data link protocol commonly used in establishing a direct connection between two networking nodes. It can provide connection authentication, transmission encryption (using ECP, RFC 1968), and compression
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What switching technology reduces the size of a broadcast domain
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Virtual LAN (VLAN)
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What command displays RIP routing updates
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Debug IP RIP
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What command will determine the number of seconds a dial-up connection will wait w/out traffic until hanging up
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dialer idle-timeout
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What is most effective solution to the distance-vector "count to infinity" problem
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Defining a Maximum
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What TCP/IP address can be used for multicast
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Class D
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What technologies prevent network loops in a switched environment
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Spanning-Tree Protocol and IEEE 802.ld
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What OSI layer controls end-to-end communication
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L4 Transport
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What features are common to ISDN BRI
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Multi-protocol support
SNMP MlB support Call Waiting Compression |
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What command loads an IOS file from FLASH memory on the next boot
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boot system flash (iosfilename)
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When entering a command longer than one line what character is used for delimiting
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#
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How does TCP provide flow control and error checking
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with acknowledgements and windowing
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Using CISCO IOS, what PPP data compression methods can be used
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Stacker and Predictor
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What command can verify Application Layer connectivity
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Telnet
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If the Router configuration number is 0x0101 from where does the Router boot
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ROM
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What is Split Horizon
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The Router will not send the same routing update out the same interface from it was learned
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What are the complications of Distance-Vector routing
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Routing Loops
Counting to Infinity Slow Convergence Periodic updates slow convergence |
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What command displays Router CPU utilization
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sh processes cpu
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What command enables frame relay on a Router interface
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encapsulation frame-relay
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At what layer of the OSI does IP operate
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L3 Network
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What PPP authentication types are supported by CISCO IOS
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PAP and CHAP
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What ISDN authentication specification implements Setup and Teardown
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Q-Series
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What LAN segmentation rule is specified by CISCO
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70% local
30% over router |
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What command restarts a router
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reload
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What is true of SMTP
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It sends EMAIL
It uses TCP It uses port 23 |
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What device provides line checking
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DCE
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What is true of HDLC
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Supports point-to-point and multipoint
Default serial encapsulation |
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What command displays all configured IP routing protocols
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sh ip protocols
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What is required for two routers using IGRP to communicate their routes
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Identical autonomous system number
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What are the characteristics of IP RIP
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Distance-Vector
Administrative distance of 120 Load Balancing |
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What IP command tests the entire IP Stack
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telnet
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What is true of the user exec and privileged mode
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User exec is a subset of privileged exec mode
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What keystroke terminates setup mode
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ctrl-c
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What are the key features of IGRP
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Flash updates
Poison reverse Composite Metric |
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What purpose is served by DLCI
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Identifies the load virtual circuit in a Frame Relay network
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What is the default serial encapsulation
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HDLC
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What is enabled by default in IGRPs composite metric
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Bandwidth
Delay |
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What command configures the configuration-register
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Router(config)# config-register 0x2102
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What does IP standard access lists use a basis for permitting or denying packets
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Source Address
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What Routing technique sends routing updates to indicate that a network is unreachable
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Route Poisoning
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What Hold Downs used for
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To prevent regular update messages from reinstating a route that has gone down
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What is a RUNT
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a frame less than 64 bytes in size, which violates the IEEE 802.3 standard
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What is a Giant
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A frame larger than 1518 bytes total, which also violates the IEEE 802.3 standard
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What is CRC
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Cyclic Redundancy Check is a type of Frame Check Sequence. The CRC allows the recipient of frames to check their integrity and detect errors (but not correct them).
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What is MTU
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Maximum Transmission Unit is the largest packet size an interface can handle without the packet being segmented
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Name the OSI layer where data is found in the following formats
Frames: Bits: Packets: Segments: Transport |
Frames -- Data Link
Bits -- Physical Packets -- Network Segments -- Transport |
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Give the number associated with each of the following OSI layers:
A. Network B. Data Link C. Transport D. Session |
A. Network = L3
B. Data Link = L2 C. Transport = L4 D. Session = L5 |
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Describe the three steps of the TCP three-way handshake
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Server sends a SYN
Recipient of that SYN sends a SYN/ACK back First server sends an ACK back. 3 Steps = "SYN, SYN/ACK, ACK" |
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What must be agreed upon between potential EIGRP neighbors before they actually become neighbors
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EIGRP neighbors must agree on the metric weights and the AS number
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In which EIGRP tables can you find successor routes
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EIGRP route and topology tables
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What is true of a EIGRP loop-free route absence of a loop in EIGRP routing
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The Feasible Distance (FD) of an EIGRP route must be larger than that of the Advertised Distance (AD) for that route to be considered loop-free
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What is a characteristic of EIGRP
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* Autosummarization is on by default
* EIGRP supports VLSM. * The backup routes, known as "feasible successors" in EIGRP-speak, are calculated in advance and kept in the EIGRP topology table. |
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When configuring OSPF over a hub-and-spoke network. Which interfaces, if any, should be disqualified from the DR/BD election
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Use the ip ospf priority 0 command on the spoke interfaces to disqualify them from the DR/BDR election
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What's the default OSPF cost on a Cisco router Serial interface
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Default OSPF cost of a Serial interface is 64
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What command allows an OSPF router to advertise a default route that it does not actually have in its routing table
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the default-information originate always command
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A DROTHER on an OSPF broadcast segment has detected a change in the network. What router or routers will the DROTHER notify of this change
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The DROTHER will inform both the DR and BDR of the change.
The DR then floods news of that change to the rest of the routers on the segment. The BDR gets that info so it can keep its database totally up-to-date as quickly as possible in case it has to quickly step in for the DR. |
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Put these in order of their numeric value, from lowest to highest.
A. STP port cost of a FastEthernet port B. Interval between Hello BPDUs transmissions by the root bridge C. STP's "Forward Delay" D. STP's "Max Age" E. Default OSPF interface priority |
(E) Default OSPF interface priority = 1
(B) Seconds between Hello BPDUs = 2 (C) STP Forward Delay = 15 (A) STP FastEthernet port cost = 19 (D) STP Forward Delay = 20 |
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Two switches are connected via two crossover cables. Of the four ports involved in those two connections, how many will STP block in order to prevent switching loops?
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In that scenario, only one of the ports will be put into blocking mode. The other three will be forwarding.
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Convert the binary string 00111101 to decimal
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The bits set to 1: 32, 16, 8, 4, 1 = 61
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What field in Cisco's version of HDLC enables multiprotocol support
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The Type Field
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Which of the following would result in show int serial0 giving you the following output?
"serial0 is up, line protocol is down" A. missing clockrate B. LMI mismatch C. loose cable D. all of the above |
(A, B). If the interface is up physically but the line protocol's down, there's a logical problem, and that could be a missing clockrate or a LMI mismatch
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In the following command, under what circumstances will CHAP be used?
"ppp encapsulation pap chap" A. If the PAP authentication attempt results in a failure. B. This is an illegal command, so CHAP will never come into play and the router will not accept the command. C. When the PAP authentication attempt results in no replies from the remote router. D. Once PAP results in a successful authentication, CHAP will be run as an authentication verification "double-check". |
The command ppp encapsulation pap chap means CHAP will be used if the PAP attempt times out due to a lack of replies from the other end of the link.
CHAP would NOT be used if PAP actively fails the remote router. |
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What allows multiple broadcast domains?
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Switches allow a single broadcast domain to be broken into smaller ones.
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What Cisco switch behavior will be taken against an incoming unknown unicast frame
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An unknown unicast is a unicast frame whose source MAC address is not in the switch's MAC address table, and as a result of that, the frame is flooded.
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When running port security, what exact value serves as the equivalent of a password
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The source MAC address of incoming frames serves as the "password" for port security
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From the innermost to the outermost, name the layers of the Cisco Switching model
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Core, Distribution, Acccess
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