Ccna Chapter 1 Vocab

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American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)

Back 1

The most commonly used code for representing alphanumeric data in a computer. Uses binary digits (bits) to represent the symbols typed on the keyboard.

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application

Back 2

Interprets the data and displays the information in a comprehensible format as the last part of an Internet connection. Applications work with protocols to send and receive data across the Internet.

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backplane

Back 3

A large circuit board that contains sockets for expansion cards.

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binary

Back 4

A number system characterized by Is and Os (1 = on, and 0 = off).

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bit

Back 5

The smallest unit of data in a computer. A bit equals 1 or 0. It is the binary for­mat in which data is processed, stored, and transmitted by computers. In a computer, bits are represented by on/off switches or the presence or absence of electrical charges, light pulses, or radio waves.

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Boolean logic

Back 6

In computer operation with binary values, Boolean logic can describe electromagnetically charged memory locations or circuit states that are either charged {1 or true) or not charged (0 or false). The computer can use an AND gate or an OR gate operation to obtain a result that can be used for further processing.

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bus

Back 7

A collection of circuits through which data is transmitted from one part of a computer to another.

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byte

Back 8

A unit of measure that describes the size of a data file, the amount of space on a disk or another storage medium, or the amount of data being sent over a network. 1 byte equals 8 bits of data.

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CD-ROM drive

Back 9

optical drive that can read information from a CD-ROM.

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central processing unit (CPU)

Back 10

The computer's "brain," where most of the calcula­tions take place.

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Dotted-decimal notation

Back 11

A syntactic representation for a 32-bit integer that consists of four 8-bit numbers written in base 10 with periods (dots) separating them. Used to represent IP addresses on the Internet, as in 192.67.67.20.

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expansion slot

Back 12

An opening in a computer, usually on the motherboard, where an expansion card can be inserted to add new capabilities to the computer.

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File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

Back 13

An application protocol, part of the TCP/IP protocol suite, used to transfer files between network hosts.

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floppy disk drive

Back 14

Reads and writes to floppy disks.

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GB (gigabyte)

Back 15

Approximately 1 billion bytes. Sometimes called a "gig." Hard drive capacity on most PCs is typically measured in GB.

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Gbps (gigabits per second)

Back 16

One billion bits per second. A standard measurement of the amount of data transferred over a network connection. 10G or 10 Gigabit Ethernet operates at 10 Gbps.

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hard disk drive

Back 17

Reads and writes data on a hard disk. The primary storage device in the computer.

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hyperlink

Back 18

A computer program command that points to other HTML files on a web server or other places on the same documents. Provides shortcuts to other web pages and files.

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Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

Back 19

A simple hypertext document-formatting lan­guage that uses tags to indicate how a given part of a document should be interpreted by a viewing application, such as a web browser.

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Internet

Back 20

The largest global internetwork, connecting tens of thousands of networks worldwide and having a culture that focuses on research and standardization based on real-life use.

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Internet Protocol (IP)

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A network layer protocol in the TCP/IP protocol suite offering a connectionless internetwork service.

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Kb (kilobit)

Back 22

Approximately 1000 bits.

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KB (kilobyte)

Back 23

Approximately 1000 bytes (1024 bytes exactly).

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kbps (kilobits per second)

Back 24

One thousand bits per second. A standard measurement of the amount of data transferred over a network connection.

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kBps (kilobytes per second)

Back 25

One thousand bytes per second. A standard measurement of the amount of data transferred over a network connection.

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keyboard port

Back 26

Connects a keyboard to a PC. logical

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connection

Back 27

Uses standards called protocols.

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Mb (megabit)

Back 28

Approximately 1 million bits.

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MB (megabyte)

Back 29

Approximately 1 million bytes (1,048,576 bytes exactly). A megabyte is sometimes called a "meg." The amount of RAM in most PCs is typically measured in MB. Large files are typically some number of MB in size.

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Mbps (megabits per second)

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) One million bits per second. A standard measurement of the amount of data transferred over a network connection. Basic Ethernet operates at 10 Mbps.

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MBps (megabytes per second)

Back 31

One million bytes per second. A standard measure­ment of the amount of data transferred over a network connection.

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Media Access Control (MAC) address

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A standardized data link layer address that is required for every port of devices that connect to a LAN. Other devices in the network use these addresses to locate specific ports in the network and to create and update routing tables and data structures. MAC addresses are 6 bytes long and are controlled by the IEEE.

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memory chips

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RAM chips on memory cards plug into the motherboard.

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microprocessor

Back 34

A silicon chip that contains a CPU.

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modem

Back 35

A device that converts digital and analog signals. At the source, a modem converts digital signals to a form suitable for transmission over analog communication facilities. At the destination, the analog signals are returned to their digital form.

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motherboard

Back 36

A computer's main circuit board.

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mouse port

Back 37

Connects a mouse to a PC.

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network interface card (NIC)

Back 38

A printed circuit board that provides network commu­nication capabilities to and from a PC.

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octet

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Eight bits. In networking, the term octet often is used (rather than byte) because some machine architectures employ bytes that are not 8 bits long.

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parallel port

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An interface that can transfer more than 1 bit simultaneously. It con­nects external devices, such as printers.

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Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA)

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An organization that has developed a standard for small credit card-sized devices called PCM­CIA cards (or PC cards). Originally designed to add memory to portable computers, the PCMCIA standard has been expanded several times and is now suitable for many types of devices.

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physical connection

Back 42

A connection to a network that is made by connecting a specialized expansion card, such as a modem or NIC, from a PC with a cable to a network.

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ping

Back 43

Stands for Packet Internet Groper. Often used in IP networks to test the reachability of a network device.

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plug-in

Back 44

Software or a program that can easily be installed and used as part of a web browser.

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power cord

Back 45

Connects an electrical device to an electrical outlet to provide power to the device.

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power supply

Back 46

Supplies power to a computer.

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printed circuit board (PCS)

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A thin plate on which chips (integrated circuits) and other electronic components are placed.

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protocol

Back 48

A formal description of a set of rules and conventions that govern how devices on a network exchange information.

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random-access memory (RAM)

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Also known as read-write memory. Can have new data written to it as well as stored data read from it.

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read-only memory (ROM)

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A type of computer memory in which data has been prerecorded.

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serial port

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Can be used for serial communication in which only 1 bit is transmitted at a time.

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sound card

Back 52

An expansion board that handles all sound functions.

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subnetwork

Back 53

In IP networks, a network that shares a particular subnet address. Sub­networks are networks arbitrarily segmented by a network administrator to provide a multilevel, hierarchical routing structure while shielding from the addressing complex­ity of attached networks. Sometimes called a subnet.

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subnetwork mask

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A 32-bit address mask used in IP to indicate the bits of an IP address that are being used for the subnet address.

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system unit

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The main component of a PC system.

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TB (terabyte)

Back 56

Approximately 1 trillion bytes. Hard drive capacity on some high-end computers is measured in TB.

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Tbps (terabits per second)

Back 57

One trillion bits per second. A standard measurement of the amount of data transferred over a network connection. Some high-speed core Internet routers and switches operate at more than Tbps.

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Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

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A common name for the suite of protocols developed by the U.S. DoD in the 1970s to support the construction of worldwide internetworks. TCP and IP are the two best-known protocols in the suite.

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universal serial bus (USB) port

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Lets peripheral devices such as mice, modems, keyboards, scanners, and printers be plugged in and unplugged without resetting the system.

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video card

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A board that plugs into a PC to give it display capabilities.

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Web browser

Back 61

A graphical user interface (GUI)-based hypertext client application, such as Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator, used to access hypertext documents and other services located on remote servers throughout the WWW and the Internet.