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98 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the common components between a router and other computers?
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CPU
RAM ROM Operating System |
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What does a router connect?
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Multiple networks
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What does a router do with each packet it receives?
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It determines which interface to use and forwards the packet on towards its destination
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What are the 2 types of connections to a router interface?
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LAN Local Area Network
WAN Wide Area Network |
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What are the two primary functions of a router?
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Best Path Determination
Forwarding packets toward their destination |
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What address does the router use to compare to the routing table?
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Destination IP addresss
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What two processes are used by a router to learn about remote networks and build their routing tables?
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Static Routes
Dynamic Routing Protocols |
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What are the five components common to all routers?
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Flash, ROM, CPU, RAM, Power
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List the 5 different components stored in RAM.
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Operating System, Running Configuration File, IP Routing Table, ARP Cache, Packet Buffer
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What happens to the information in RAM if the router looses power?
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All information is lost
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What are the permanent storage areas in a router?
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ROM, Flash, and NVRAM
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What 3 things are stored in ROM?
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The bootstrap instructions
Basic diagnostic software Scaled-down version of IOS. |
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What is stored in flash?
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Cisco IOS
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What happens to flash memory when the power is lost?
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Nothing
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What is stored in NVRAM?
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Startup configuration file
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What must you do to save changes you have made to a router?
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Copy the running-config to the startup-config
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What is the most common method used for configuring a router?
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Command Line interface CLI
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What is the first thing that happens as the router boots up?
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The startup config is copied into RAM
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What are the 4 phases of the bootup process?
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1. Performing the POST
2. Loading the bootstrap program 3. Locating and loading the Cisco IOS software 4. Locating and loading the startup configuration file or entering setup mode |
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What does POST test?
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The router hardware
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What is the main function of the bootstrap program?
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Find and load the IOS
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What are the 2 main places to find the IOS?
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Flash and TFTP server
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If a full IOS can not be loaded what does the bootstrap loader do?
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Loads a scaled down version of the IOS from ROM to RAM
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Where is the startup configuration found?
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NVRAM
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What are the main items stored in the configuration file?
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interface addresses
routing information passwords any other configurations saved by the network administrator |
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Where is the second place that the router looks for the startup config if it is not located in NVRAM?
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TFTP server
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If the router can not locate a startup-config, what mode does it enter?
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Setup mode
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What key command do you press to exit setup mode if you accidentally entered it?
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Ctrl-C
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What command can be used to help verify and troubleshoot some of the basic hardware and software components of the router?
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Show version
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What is the last line displayed in the show version output?
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Configuration register
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What is the default configuration register setting?
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0x2102
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What does that setting tell the router?
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attempt to load a Cisco IOS software image from flash memory and load the startup configuration file from NVRAM
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What are the two management ports?
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Console and auxiliary
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What is an interface?
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physical connector on the router whose main purpose is to receive and forward packets
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What must be configured for each interface?
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Each interface must be configured with an IP address and subnet mask of a different network
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What are the two major groups of router interfaces?
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LAN interfaces - such as Ethernet and FastEthernet
WAN interfaces - such as serial, ISDN, and Frame Relay |
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What OSI layer does a router operate at?
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Layer 3
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What is the router interface that connects to a LAN called?
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Default Gateway
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What is the process that each router uses to determine where to send the packet?
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decapsulation, searching the routing table, and then re-encapsulation
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What are the four essential information elements to include in the topology diagram?
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Device names
Interfaces used in the design IP addresses and subnet masks Default gateway addresses for end devices, such as PCs |
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What are the basic tasks to perform when configuring a router?
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Naming the router
Setting passwords Configuring interfaces Configuring a banner Saving changes on a router Verifying basic configuration and router operations |
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What is the prompt for the user mode?
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Router>
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What is the command to enter the privileged EXEC mode?
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Enable
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What is the prompt for privileged EXEC mode?
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Router#
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What is the command to enter the global configuration mode?
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Router#config t
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What is the command to enter the hostname of a router?
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Router(config)#hostname R1
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What happens to the prompt after you press enter?
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The prompt changes to the hostname
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What is the command used to enter the password to enter the privileged EXEC mode?
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R1(config) enable secret class
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List the commands to set the password for the console port?
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R1(config)#line console 0
R1(config-line)#password cisco R1(config-line)#login |
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List the commands to set the password for the Telnet lines?
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R1(config)#line vty 0 4
R1(config-line)#password cisco R1(config-line)#login |
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List the commands to enter the Banner Message of the Day (motd).
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R1(config)#banner motd #
Enter TEXT message. End with the character '#'. ****************************************** WARNING!! Unauthorized Access Prohibited!! ****************************************** # |
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What should the banner show?
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Warning to unauthorized users
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What is the command to enter the interface configuration mode?
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R1(config)#interface Serial0/0
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What is the command to set the IP address and subnet mask for an interface?
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R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
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What is the command to enter a description for the interface?
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Router(config-if)#description Ciruit#VBN32696-123 (help desk:1-800-555-1234)
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What is the command to turn on an interface?
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Router(config-if)#no shutdown
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What is the command to view the running-configuration file?
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R1#show running-config
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What is the command to save the current config in NVRAM?
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R1#copy running-config startup-config
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What command will display the routing table?
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R1#show ip route
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What command displays all of the interface configuration parameters and statistics?
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R1#show interfaces
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What command displays abbreviated interface configuration information, including IP address and interface status?
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R1#show ip interface brief
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Where is the routing table stored?
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RAM
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What is a directly connected network?
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a network that is directly attached to one of the router interfaces
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What is a remote network?
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What is a remote network?
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What would a C in the first column of a routing table mean?
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Directly connected
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What additional information is included when the destination is a remote network?
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the routing metric and the administrative distance
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What command reveals the configured or acquired default gateway, connected, loopback, multicast, and broadcast networks?
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Route print
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How does a PC determine which network it belongs to?
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uses the subnet mask
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What command will activate a router interface?
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No shut
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What routes does a router know before any static or dynamic routing is configured?
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Directly connected networks
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What denotes a static route in the routing table?
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S
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What are the three items that must be included in a static route?
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Network address and subnet mask of the remote network
IP address of the next hop router or the exit interface |
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When should static routes be used?
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Network consists of only a few routers
A network is connected to the Internet through a single ISP A large network is configured in a hub-and-spoke topology |
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What are dynamic routing protocols used for?
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share information about the reachability and status of remote networks
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What are 2 of the activities that dynamic routing protocols perform?
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Network discovery
Updating and maintaining routing tables |
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What is network discovery?
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the ability of a routing protocol to share information about the networks that it knows about with other routers that are also using the same routing protocol
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What are some dynamic routing protocols?
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RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
IGRP (Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) IS-IS (Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System) BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) |
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What are the three routing principles?
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1. Every router makes its decision alone, based on the information it has in its own routing table.
2. The fact that one router has certain information in its routing table does not mean that other routers have the same information. 3. Routing information about a path from one network to another does not provide routing information about the reverse, or return, path. |
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What is asymmetric routing?
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A packet can take different routes to and from
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What does a router compare to select the best path to place in the routing table?
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Routing metric
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What is a metric?
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the quantitative value used to measure the distance to a given route
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What is the best path?
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The path with the lowest metric
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The number of routers that a packet must travel through before reaching its destination is called?
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Hop count
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The data capacity of a link, sometimes referred to as the speed of the link?
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Bandwidth
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What is it called when two paths to a destination have exactly the same metric?
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Equal cost metric
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What is equal cost load balancing?
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When a router can use multiple interfaces to reach a single network address.
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What are the two functions of packet forwarding?
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Path determination function
Switching function |
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What is the process used by a router to accept a packet on one interface and forward it out another interface called?
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Switching
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What is the process used by a router to accept a packet on one interface and forward it out another interface called?
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Switching
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What are the three major steps a router performs on a packet?
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1. Decapsulates the Layer 3 packet by removing the Layer 2 frame header and trailer.
2. Examines the destination IP address of the IP packet to find the best path in the routing table. 3. Encapsulates Layer 3 packet into a new Layer 2 frame and forwards the frame out the exit interface. |
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What happens to the value of the TTL as a packet moves through a network?
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It is decremented each hop. Goes down
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Which address does not change as the packet moves through the network?
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IP address
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Which address changes as the packet moves through the network?
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MAC address
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How does a PC determine which network it belongs to?
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It ands its IP address and subnet mask
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How does it determine if the destination is on the same network?
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After anding the packet it compares the network address to its own
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Where does the PC send the packet if the destination is not on its own network?
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To the default gateway
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Where does the PC look for the default gateway MAC address?
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In its ARP table
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What does the PC do if the MAC address is not in the ARP table?
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It sends an ARP request
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