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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Emile Durkheim
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Crime is normal; functional necessity in a healthy society
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Gottfredson and Hirschi
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maturing or aging out of crime as individuals age is constant – relationship does not change regardless of sex, race, county, time or offense
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Steffenmeier
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differential reward systems : crime might enhance male status, stigmatize femlaes
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Wilson and Hernstein
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aging out is natural part of the life cycle- teenagers become independent yet lack legitimate means for money, sex, alcohol, status, etc.
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Laws are ___ the most effective means of social control
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NOT
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Deviant Behavior
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Behavior outside the range of normal societal tolerance
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Consensus model of law
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Envisions law as arising from agreement among the members of a society as to what constitutes wrongdoing.
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Conflict model of law
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Sees the criminal law as originating in the conflict of interests of different groups.
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Interactionist Approach
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views humans as responding to abstract meanings and symbols as well as to concrete meanings
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Crime-Induced Production
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Cost of Resources to Fight Crime
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Methodology
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Involves the collection and analysis of accurate data or facts.
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Variable
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A concept that has been operationalized or measured in a specific manner and that can take on different values.
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Operationalization
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The process of defining concepts by describing how they are measured.
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Index Crimes
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Major felonies that are believed to be serious, to occur frequently, and to have a greater likelihood of being reported to the police
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Most crimes _____ index crimes
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are not
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Triangulation
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The use of multiple methods to measure the same entity.
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The U.S. has high rates of _________________ compared to other nations
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burglary, motor vehicle theft, and petty crime
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Property crimes peaks at age ___, while violent crimes peak at age ___
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16, 18
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Desistance
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The process of “aging out” of crime.
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Most criminal theories are _______
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androcentric (Male-centered)
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Liberation Hypothesis
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Racial discrimination in sentencing is most prevalent for less serious crimes.
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Catharsis Hypothesis
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Exposure to media violence facilitates the letting-off-of-steam, reducing the likelihood of violence.
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Precipitation Hypothesis
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Exposure to media violence will increase the likelihood of violence.
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Crime Rate
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(# of index crimes/ population) x 100,000
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Mala Prohibita
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bad because the law says so
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Mala in se
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acts bad in themselves
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_____ cocaine is penalized more harshly than _____ cocaine
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Crack, Powder
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____ generation tends to have more rates in offending
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Second
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First Wave
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Latinos/Blacks: Drug War
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Second Wave
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Middle Eastern: Terrorists
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Third Wave
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Immigration: Arizona Law
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