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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define suture and synchondroses |
Suture - a seam-like immovable junction between two bones, such as those of the skull. Synchondroses - an almost immovable joint between bones bound by a layer of cartilage, as in the spinal vertebrae. |
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What are the sutures of the palate? |
Medial palatine suture - runs anterior-superior and joins the two palatal bone Transverse palatine suture - runs transverse and joins the palatine bone to the maxilla |
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How are sutures of the skull named? |
Generally they are name after the bones they join together |
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Describe the structure of a suture |
5 Layers - bone - cambial zone - where bone forming cells are - capsular zone - fibrous tissue - central zone - loose connective tissue (shared so only 1 central zone) When you're older and growth has stopped the sutures ossify so there are no longer these layers |
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What promotes growth of cranial bones and what can go wrong? |
The pressure of the growing brain If the sutures prematurely ossify they can no longer grow and will increase the pressure on the brain |
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Describe synchrondroses |
A cartiliganous joint Confined to the base of the skull (and ends of long bones) Sphenoccipital synchondrosis is important for growth of skull - ossified at 18 7 layers Replacement bone - chondrocytes ossify Zone of hypertrophy - big chondrocytes Zone of proliferation - where the chondrocytes proliferate Resting zone - where chondrocytes are produced |
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Describe growth of skull |
Occurs in two patterns Neural (bones around brain and eyes) - rapid then levels off Somatic (bones of lower face) - follow same pattern as rest of body - rapid early, levels off, rapid at puberty Bones grow at 90 degrees to suture/synchondrosis Remodelling - AKA cortical drift - adding bone to one side of bone whilst removing on other side - causes whole structure to move - happens on palate and bones of the brain (to change radius) |
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What is Tensor Veli Palatini? |
Runs down from base of skull in between lateral and medial ptrygiod plates. Turns horizontal around pterygoid hamulus. Then becomes flat tendon (aponeurosis) of soft palate When the muscle contracts it is pulled tight flat. Innervated by mandibular nerve |
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What is levator veli palatini? |
Works with tensor veli palatini Runs from base of skull When contracts it pulls the soft palate upwards This shuts the communication between the nasopharynx and oropharynx - required for swallowing |
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What is palatopharyngues? |
Runs from soft palate down into the pharynx. When it contract it pulls pharynx upwards - happens during swallowing |
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Palatoglossus |
Soft palate into sides of tongue Contracts = pull tongue upwards = pushes food backwards into oropharynx |
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Describe the position of the hyoid bone |
Superior to thyroid cartilige (adam's apple) Has supra hyoid muslce group and infra hyoid muscle group running from it - they control it's position - this shcges position of the larynx |
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Describe location of thyroid gland |
Inferior to thyroid cartiliage, anterior to tracheae Has two lobes connected by an isthmus Has very rich blood supply |
