Ccbc Co-Op Biology Final Exam Spring 2009

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Botany

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The study of plants

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Vascular tissues:

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Tissues that conduct water and dissolved materials in a plant

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Seed:

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A mature plant ovule that consists of embryo and stored food enclosed by a coat.

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Gymnosperms:

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- are nonfowering plants that produce seeds that are not enclosed in an ovary when mature.
Example; pinecone
There are four phyla:(3 are)
Coniferophyta: the Conifers
Cycadophyta: the Cycads
Ginkophyta: the Ginkoes

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Angiosperms:

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- Flowering plants.
Have seeds enclosed in an ovary as well as flowers.
- They are the dominant vegetation on the earth.
One phylum: Anthopyta: the flowering plants
- Divided into two classes: monocots and dicots

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Seed cone:

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The structure on conifers that produce seeds.

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Pollen cone:

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A structure in a conifer that produces pollen.

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Fruit -

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a mature ovary.

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Monocot -

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a class of angiosperms that has one cotyledon.

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Dicot -

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a class of angiosperms that has two cotyledons.

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Xylem -

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carries water and dissolved minerals within a plant, primarily from the roots upward.

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Phloem -

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a vascular tissue that usually carries water ad dissolved foods downward in plants

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Meristematic tissues -

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tissues composed of plant cells that are capable of continuous mitosis and are resopnsible for the ongoing growth of the plant.

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Primary growth -

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growth in length.

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Secondary growth -

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increase in diameter.

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petiole

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-the stalk connecting the blade of a leaf to the stem

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meristematic region

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an area in a plant containing young, rapidly dividing cells

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Elongation region-

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The area of a plant where cells extend in length.

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Maturation region

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The area of a young root or stem in which the primary tissues are developed; area of cell differentiation

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Transpiration-Cohesion theory-

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Possible explanation for water movement in a plant; as water is released from the leaves, additional water molecules must enter the roots

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Gravitropism-

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growth movement in plant in response to gravity

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Phototropism-

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-growth movement in plant in response to light

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Photoperiodism-

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-a response of a plant to changes in light intensity

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Stigma-

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The expanded tip of the pistil that receives the pollen

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Pollen-

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A haploid cell that contains the tube and sperm nuclei of plants; produced in the anther.

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Ovule-

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A structure in a plant ovary that contains the egg cell and will mature into a seed.

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Incomplete flower-

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A flower that lacks one of the following: petals, sepals, a stamen, or pistil

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Complete Flower-

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-a flower that has sepals, petals, and at least one stamen and one pistil

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Perennial

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A plant that lives for many years

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Annual

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a plant that grows from a seed, produces more seeds, and dies during one growing season or within a year.

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Vascular Plant

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have vascular tissues that conduct water and dissolved minerals throughout the plant

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Nonvascular Plant

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referred to as "bryophytes"
They lack vacular tissues
Produce spores rather than seeds

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Endosperm –

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the stored food that is used by the embryo in a mature seed

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Cotyledon –

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-the leaf in the seed; the first leaf or leaves that emerge through the soil during germination
-stores food that will be used by the germinating seedling

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Sexual Reproduction in Plants –

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- formation of flowers and seeds
- is necessary for producing varieties of a particular plant

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Vegetative reproduction

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- Asexual reproduction in plants
- Offspring have the same genetic makeup as the parent
- Involves the vegetative organs of the plant (leaves, roots, and stems)
- Can be used to maintain desired traits
- Produces plants capable of maturing much sooner than seedlings

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What three things are necessary for seed germination?

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1. proper moisture
2. proper temperature
3. proper oxygen

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Phylum Anthophyta

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- flowering plants
- Vascular plants with seeds

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Phylum Coniferophyta

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- conifers, pine trees
- Vascular plants with seeds

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Phylum Pteridophyta

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– ferns
- Vascular plants without seeds

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Phylum Bryophyta

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– mosses
- Nonvascular plants

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Zoology:

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the study of the kingdom Animalia

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Exoskeleton:

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external plates that protect and support

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Endoskeleton:

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internal skeleton;
a more flexible, lighter (than the exoskeleton) internal system made up of bones or cartilage

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Caudal-

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concerning the tail

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Dorsal -

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on or near the upper surface; back

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osculum

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Excurrent pore of a sponge

-an excretory structure in the living sponge