Ccbc Co-Op Bio Chapter 12

Front 1

Mycology

Back 1

- the study of fungi.

Front 2

Ergot of rye

Back 2

- a fungus that causes a purplish black swelling in rye grain.\

Front 3

Chestnut blight and Dutch elm disease

Back 3

- diseases that destroy Chestnut and Dutch elm trees caused by fungus.

Front 4

Chitin

Back 4

- a chemical component in the cell walls of fungi.

Front 5

imperfect fungi

Back 5

any fungi in which sexual reproduction has not been observed

Front 6

lichen

Back 6

a fungus and a algae or Cyrano bacteria living together in a symbiotic relationship

Front 7

symbiotic

Back 7

two organisms living together for mutual benefit

Front 8

soredia

Back 8

method of reproduction for lichens

Front 9

coenocytic

Back 9

lacking septa or internal divisions

Front 10

external digestion

Back 10

the breakdown of substances that occurs in spaces outside the cell such as within the stomach or intestine

Front 11

hyphae

Back 11

the slender filaments that compose the mycelium of a fungus

Front 12

septate

Back 12

Hyphae that are divided into individual cells by cell walls called septa.

Front 13

Mycelia

Back 13

All of the hyphae in a fungus.

Front 14

Rhizoids

Back 14

A rootlike structure that lacks water-conducting tissue.

Front 15

Haustoria

Back 15

Hyphae of parasitic fungi that enter the host's cells to obtain nourishment.

Front 16

Aerial hyphae

Back 16

Hyphae of a fungus that grow above the substrate.

Front 17

Ascocarp

Back 17

-The asci usually form in a portion of the mycelium that forms a cup-shaped fruiting body called an Ascocarp.

Front 18

Basidiospores

Back 18

-a reproductive spore produced by fungi in the phylum Basidiomycota

Front 19

Basidium

Back 19

-The microscopic structures in Basidiomycota that produce the asexual
basidiospores

Front 20

Perfect fungi

Back 20

-One that has a known form of sexual reproduction and can thus be classified into one of the 3 fungal phyla

Front 21

What are lichens composed of?

Back 21

a fungus and an alga

Front 22

Fungi NEVER have ____________

Back 22

chlorophyll

Front 23

Bread mold is a member of phylum _________________.

Back 23

Zygomycota

Front 24

Puffballs are a member of the phylum ____________________.

Back 24

Basidiomycota

Front 25

In the life cycle of ________________, four kinds of spores are produced.

Back 25

wheat rust

Front 26

dimorphism

Back 26

the ability of some fungi to change form in respnose to environmental changes.

Front 27

Why are fungi NOT classified as plants?

Back 27

they lack true tissues and organs

Front 28

Name two fungal diseases that have destroyed many trees in America.

Back 28

chestnut blight fungus
Dutch elm disease

Front 29

Why are imperfect fungi considered "imperfect"?

Back 29

They are imperfect because they are not known to reproduce sexually.

Front 30

What would have to happen to change the classification of an imperfect fungus to a perfect fungus?

Back 30

Discovering a sexual reproductive structure for an imperfect fungus would change its classification to 'perfect"

Front 31

What is the most important and most common function of fungi?

Explain how this function is beneficial to plants.

Back 31

Under natural conditions, fungi serve as decomposer organisms.

Occuring in the soil and other dark, damp places, these fungi break down complex organic substances into simple, soluble forms that plants can use.

Front 32

stipe

Back 32

stalk of a mushroom

Front 33

budding (ch.12 definition)

Back 33

common form of asexual reproduction in yeasts

Front 34

Stolons

Back 34

- Aerial hyphae that connect groups of hyphae together

Front 35

Sporophores

Back 35

- Aerial hyphal branches that produce spores

Front 36

Sporangiophore

Back 36

- A sporophore that forms spores within an enclosure or sac

Front 37

Sporangium

Back 37

- the structure in which the spores of a sporangiophore are formed

Front 38

anaerobic

Back 38

not requiring oxygen

Front 39

aerobic

Back 39

requiring oxygen

Front 40

saphrophytic

Back 40

organism obtains its nourishment from dead organic material

Front 41

parasitic

Back 41

organism obtains its nourishment by living in or on another organism

Front 42

heterotrophic

Back 42

organism depends on other organisms for food

Front 43

autotrophic

Back 43

organism that makes its own food

Front 44

spore formation

Back 44

the most common method of asexual reproduction in fungi

Front 45

fragmentation

Back 45

form of reproduction caused by the breaking of a colonial organism by a physical disturbance

Front 46

formation of zygotes

Back 46

formed by the union of two haploid cells

Front 47

conidiophore

Back 47

produces spores that are not in an enclosure

Front 48

crustose

Back 48

a lichen that looks like smears of dried paint

Front 49

foliose

Back 49

a lichen that looks like small, crinkly leaves

Front 50

fruticose

Back 50

a lichen that looks like stalks or branches with fruiting bodies

Front 51

What is the most common form of reproduction in yeasts?

Back 51

budding