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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Triumphal arch
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- built to celebrate a victory in war
-free-standing structure, quite separate from city gates or walls -consists of two massive piers connected by an arch, crowned with a flat superstructure (attic) on which a statue might be mounted or which bears commemorative inscriptions |
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Numismatics
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-the study or collection of currency, including coins, tokens, paper money, and related objects
-archaeologists are able to learn where these things were produced Example: First coin found in asia-minor, a piece of metal that bore an image, had a definitive weight, and a certain value ○Made from electrum: mix of gold and silver ○Clear statement about alexander’s right to rule |
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Heinrich Schliemann
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(1870-1890)
-misread classical texts, and applied that misunderstanding in an archaeologically destructive pursuit of what never existed, incidentally making notable discoveries for later generations to salvage as best they could -intelligent individual who was interested in the Iliad and the Odyssey -went out looking for places that were described in Homer's poems -found Troy |
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Romanization
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-same thing as Hellenization
-process by which one culture comes into contact with another one |
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site
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-any place where human activity is found
-place where artifacts, features, organic remains, structures are all found together |
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artifact
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-building blocks of archaeology
-portable object/implement that was used, made, and modified by humans -usually small -Example: pottery, wooden toys, stone tools |
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atrium house
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-Roman home
-model residence for aristocrats -heart of the house is the atrium(main source of light, air, and water) the house includes: -atrium -compluvium- open roof impluvium- square basin below the open roof -fauces(throat)- boundary between home and the outside world -tablinum- main room located directly across from the entrance -multipurpose rooms peristyle- courtyard in back of house that had plants and fountains |
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transport amphorae
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- used to ship wine and other products throughout the Mediterranean. The most large-scale use was to serve the ancient Greek and Roman empire
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Imperial Fora
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-place where business transactions take place (markets)
-center of politics, religion and economy in the ancient Roman Empire |
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radiocarbon dating
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-invented by Willard Libby
-absolute dating method that measures the decay of the radioactive isotope of carbon in organic material -can only be used on an object that was once alive -produces a range of possible times when this thing was dead -useful for archaeologists who have little knowledge of the history |
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Knossos
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-site located on Crete
-place where Minoan civilization was discovered by Arthur Evans -Minoan sites are best known as palace centers |
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Akrotiri
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-archaeological site on the Greek island of Santorini
-aka "Minoan Pompeii" -town was at once destroyed and preserved around 1450 BC by a volcanic eruption -no human remains were found -many buildings were discovered -archaeologists were able to see what the urban Minoan culture was like -buildings include three-story houses faced with masonry (some with balconies) and extensively decorated with frescoes |
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Mycenae
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-main site where remains are found
-located on hilltop in Greece -Agamemnon was King of this place -people of this place wrote and spoke an early form of Greek |
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Linear B
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-script that was used for writing Mycenaean Greek
-Most of the tablets inscribed in Linear B were found in Knossos, Cydonia, Pylos, Thebes and Mycenae |
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Diplyon Amphora
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-almost five feet tall
-monumental amphora was used to mark an aristocratic tomb in Athens - marks the high-point in Geometric art, with sophisticated multiple friezes and a central figural scene which makes an attempt to show both emotion and 3D perspective -scene is known as a prothesis (or "wake"/"lying in state") in which the deceased lies under a canopy and is mourned by family and friends. -common scene on Geometric funerary vases. |
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Temple of Aphaia, Aegina
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-Doric order temple
-has two pediments: West and East -both show scenes from the Trojan War with Athena as central figure West pediment- static figures/awkward East pediment- more dynamic and realistic |
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New York Kouros
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-archaic statue of a nude young man from Attica
-very geometric, and boxy -no sense of movement -similar to usual kouros because of musculature, wig of hair, and same emotionless figure -similar proportionality and symmetry, stance, weight evenly distributed on the legs - one of the best example of Egyptian influence on Greek sculptures |
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Sanctuary of Zeus, Olympia
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- where olympic games are held
-places of publicity for communities as well as for individuals |
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stratigraphy
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-concept that allows archaeologists to understand context
-analysis of time related to space: study of the vertical time dimension of a series of layers in a horizontal space -a succession of layers should provide a relative chronological sequences, with the earliest at the bottom and the latest at the top |
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seriation
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-relative dating technique based on the chronological ordering of a group of artifacts or assemblages, where the most similar are placed on adjacent to each other in the series
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Tel el-Daba/Avaris
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-capital of a dynasty in egypt
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Pergamon
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-Hellenistic royal city
capital of Attalid dynasty (they saw themselves as inheritors of Greek) -heavily fortified (almost constant state of warfare) -city has a series of victory monuments |
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Parthenon
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-temple of the Greek goddess Athena
-Westpediment: Contest between Poseidon and Athena -Eastpediment:Birth of Athena |
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Acropolis
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-houses the Parthenon and the theatre of Dionysus
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Epigraphy
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-is the study of inscriptions or epigraphs as writing
-identifies the graphemes and of classifies their use as to cultural context and date, elucidating their meaning and assessing what conclusions can be deduced concerning the writing and the writers |
