Cc100 Speech Midterm

Front 1

Describe what is means to engage in "public dialogue".

Back 1

The ethical and civil exchange of ideas and opinions among communities about topics that affect the public.

Front 2

Clarify why speakers need to be civil and ethical in their communication.

Back 2

Speakers need to be civil and ethical because they have the ability to influence an audience.

Front 3

Identify how culture can influence speaking styles.

Back 3

When we give or listen to speeches, we bring our cultural styles with us. In this way, we use our background and what we know (our culture) to speak to our audience.

Front 4

Identify the five different ways (contexts) in which we can communicate.

Back 4

Intrapersonal communication -- communication with ourselves via the dialogue that goes on in our heads, Interpersonal communication -- communication with other people (one on one), Group communication -- communication among members of a collective, Mass communication -- communication generated by media organizations, and Public communication -- communication in which one person gives a speech to other people in a public setting.

Front 5

Describe what is means to engage in audience centered speaking.

Back 5

Speaking in a way that is considerate of the positions, beliefs, values, and needs of the audience.

Front 6

Identify the elements of the public speaking model.

Back 6

Speaker, Message, Audience, Channel, Noise, Feedback, and Context.

Front 7

Identify reasons why people speak in public.

Back 7

We decide to speak on matters of importance, we are asked to speak about our experiences and expertise, we are required to speak in class or at work.

Front 8

Explain the different types of public speaking.

Back 8

Informative speech: speech that communicates knowledge about a process, an event, a person, a place, an object, or a concept. Invitational speech: speech that allows the speaker to establish a dialogue with an audience to clarify positions, explore issues and ideas, or share beliefs and values.
Persuasive Speech -- speech whose message attempts to change or reinforce an audience's thoughts, feelings, or actions.
Introductory Speech -- speech that gives an audience a compelling perspective on the speaker or another person or that welcomes the audience to an event and familiarizes them with it.
Commemorative Speech -- speech that praises, honors, recognizes, or pays tribute to a person, an event, an idea, or an institution.
Acceptance Speech - speech that communicates gratitude, appreciation, and pleasure at receiving an honor or a gift in recognition of an accomplishment.
Small group speaking -- speaking to give a presentation to a small collection of individuals or speaking as part of a small group of people.

Front 9

Identify and describe types of public speaking.

Back 9

Informative speeches, Invitational speeches, Persuasive speeches, Introductory speeches, Commemorative speeches, Acceptance speeches, and speaking in small groups.

Front 10

How do you manage speaking anxiety?

Back 10

Be prepared by doing your research, Practice your speech, Have realistic expectations about your delivery, Practice visualization and affirmations, Find points of connection with your audience.

Front 11

Analyze and provide examples of the types of organizational patterns you can use during a presentation.

Back 11

Chronological pattern: pattern or organization that traces a sequences of events or ideas.
Spatial pattern: patter of organization in which ideas are arranged in terms of location or direction.
Causal pattern: pattern of organization that describes a cause-and-effect relationship between ideas or events.
Problem-Solution pattern: pattern or organization that identifies a specific problem and offers a possible solution.
Topical pattern: pattern of organization that allows the speaker to divide a topic into subtopics, each of which addresses a different aspect of the larger topic.

Front 12

Describe the importance of connectors.

Back 12

They show the audience the relationship between ideas.

Front 13

Identify different types of connectors.

Back 13

Transitions, Internal Previews, Internal Summaries, and Signposts.

Front 14

Compare and contrast the preparation and speaking outline formats.

Back 14

The speaking outline is much more concise and uses keyword that will help trigger the memory of the speaker as to the topic and what they are supposed to say there.

Front 15

Describe the purpose and the steps an introduction to a speech should achieve.

Back 15

The purpose of an introduction in a speech is to set the stage for the audience and introduce your overall topic. The steps to creating an effective introduction are as follows: catch the audience's attention, reveal the topic of your speech, establish credibility, and preview your speech.

Front 16

Identify and provide examples of strategies to engage the audience during an introduction.

Back 16

Ask a question, tell a story, recite a quotation or poem, give a demonstration, make an intriguing or startling statement, state the importance of the topic, share your expertise, state what's to come.

Front 17

Describe the purpose and the steps a conclusion to a speech should achieve.

Back 17

The purpose of the conclusion is to make the last impression by bringing the speech to an end and reinforcing the thesis statement.

Front 18

Identify and provide examples of ways to provide a conclusion.

Back 18

Summarize main points, answer your introductory question, refer back to introduction, and recite a quotation.

Front 19

Clarify the difference between listening and hearing.

Back 19

Hearing is recognizing that noise is occurring while listening gives thoughtful attention to what is being said and understanding the words.

Front 20

Identify ways that the listener can cause interference when listening.

Back 20

Judge the topic before the speech has begun, assume you know what is going to be said, adopting a passive or defensive physical stance, pay attention to distractions, tune out the speaker or information, daydream, prepare response while speaker is still talking.

Front 21

Identify ways that the speaker can cause interference when listening.

Back 21

Difficult information, formal or technical language, casual language, noninclusive language, verbal clutter, and differences from the audience.

Front 22

Describe ways to listen more effectively.

Back 22

Listen critically: listen for the accuracy of a speech's content and the implications of a speaker's message. Listen ethically: consider the moral impact of a speaker's message on one's self and one's community.

Front 23

How do you adapt to an audience that is not listening?

Back 23

Make your introduction and main points compelling, ask them to complete an activity related to your topic, address troublemakers verbally, explain any distractions that may be taking away from your points, slow down, go into more detail, acknowledge any eagerness in the audience that may be inhibiting their listening capabilities.

Front 24

Explain what areas you should consider when deciding on a speech topic.

Back 24

Your personal interests and your expertise,

Front 25

Compare and contrast the different approaches to brainstorming.

Back 25

Brainstorming by free association, clustering, categories, and technology. While some forms are about just letting ideas come to you and writing down everything that comes to mind (free assoc.) others are more organized and group certain subcategories together (cluster and categories). Technology can also do this for you but use discretion.

Front 26

Compare and contrast general versus specific speaking purposes.

Back 26

The general speaking purpose is the overall goal of the speech while the specific speaking purpose is the focused statement that identifies exactly what a speaker wants to accomplish with the speech.

Front 27

Identify effective specific purpose statements.

Back 27

To inform the audience of the pollution taking place in the gulf, to persuade women to demand better treatment, to introduce Richard Nixon to my audience.

Front 28

Identify effective thesis statements.

Back 28

Lindsay Lohan was given an unfair advantage when the Veil of Ignorance was not put in place and the media continued to cover the case. When looking to apply to colleges, it is wise to look at your own personal interest, your intended career, and the financial possibilities.

Front 29

Understand the difference between concrete versus abstract language.

Back 29

Concrete language refers to a tangible object while abstract language refers to ideas or concepts and not specific objects.

Front 30

Explain how language is influenced by culture and vice versa.

Back 30

People in different cultures have different life experiences and thus name and define the world differently.

Front 31

Clarify how gender impacts language.

Back 31

Using gender-neutral and gender-inclusive language reflects your awareness of both men and women as valued and active participants in the world.

Front 32

Describe the importance and how you can create imagery using language.

Back 32

It is important to use imagery because we are a very visual society. It also helps the audience to emotionally connect to your speech because imagery is usually based on details in things like similes, metaphors, and personification.

Front 33

Describe the importance and how you can create rhythm using language.

Back 33

We can strengthen the images we create with our words by focusing on the way words sound when put together. You can create rhythm using tools like parallelism, repetition, alliteration, and antithesis.

Front 34

Compare and contrast the four methods of delivery.

Back 34

An extemporaneous delivery describes when a speech is carefully prepared and practiced from brief notes rather than from memory or directly from a manuscript. Memorized delivery is when a speaker needs no notes and has completely memorized the entire speech while a manuscript delivery has the speaker reading directly from a script they have in front of them. In contrast, an impromptu speech is one that is neither planned nor practiced beforehand.

Front 35

Identify and analyze the verbal (vocal-nonverbal) qualities of delivery.

Back 35

Volume, Rate, Pitch and Inflection, Pauses, Articulation, Pronunciation, and Dialect.

Front 36

Identify and describe the nonverbal qualities of delivery.

Back 36

Personal Appearance, Eye Contact, Facial Expression, Posture, Gestures, and Proxemics (use of space).

Front 37

Describe the purpose of audience-centered speaking.

Back 37

The purpose of audience-centered speech is to acknowledge the audience by considering and listening to the unique, diverse, and common perspectives of its members before, during, and after the speech.

Front 38

Define an audience.

Back 38

A complex and varied group of people the speaker addresses.

Front 39

Compare and contrast standpoints, attitudes, values, and beliefs.

Back 39

A standpoint is a perspective from which a person views and evaluates society, an attitude is a general poitive or negative feeling a person has about something, a value is a person's idea of what is good, worthy, or important, and a belief is a person's idea of what is real or true or not.

Front 40

Clarify the elements to consider during a demographic audience analysis.

Back 40

Age, country of origin, ethnicity and race, physical ability or disability, family status, religion, and gender.

Front 41

Clarify the purpose of visual aids.

Back 41

The purpose of a visual aid is to enhance the speech itself in some way. They help gain and maintain audience attention, help audiences recall information, help explain and clarify information, increase persuasiveness and enhance credibility, and possibly reduce nervousness.

Front 42

Describe, define, and explain the use of guidelines of using an object as a visual aid.

Back 42

An object is something that can be seen or touched and can help the audience understand certain ideas because the idea is visually present. Sometimes though, they are impractical or impossible to bring to a speaking situation.

Front 43

Describe, define, and explain the use of guidelines of using a model as a visual aid.

Back 43

A model is a copy of an object, usually built to scale, that represents an object in detail and can help the audience to understand certain ideas because the idea is visual present. A model is also good because it can represent something that is usually impractical for a speaking situation.

Front 44

Describe, define, and explain the use of guidelines of using handouts as a visual aid.

Back 44

A hand out is a piece of reading material that is given to every individual within the audience. They can elaborate the message and extend it beyond the immediate audience because each member takes the hand out home with them.

Front 45

Describe, define, and explain the use of guidelines of using achalkboards/whiteboard as a visual aid.

Back 45

Using a whiteboard or chalkboard is ideal because it allows you to create visual aids as you give your speech. It also helps to keep information directly in front of the audience during the remainder of the speech.

Front 46

Describe, define, and explain the use of guidelines of using a poster or flip chart as a visual aid.

Back 46

Poster boards and flip charts are advantageous if the speech is going to be given multiple times because they are durable and can be reused. It keeps the attention of the audience focused on the information, but is not ideal for a large audience as it can be difficult for everyone to see in such settings.

Front 47

Describe, define, and explain the use of guidelines of using a video or audio tape as a visual aid.

Back 47

Videotapes and audiotapes allow the speaker to support the speech with images and sounds of the topic and can bring the topic to life for an unfamiliar audience. They do have a chance of overpowering the speech portion and therefore should not be too heavily relied on

Front 48

Describe, define, and explain the use of guidelines of using a computer projected presentation as a visual aid.

Back 48

Using computer projected presentations are the most convenient and practical as it can be used in many ways and for a variety of audiences. As long as the speaker does not go overboard and create tangents with their computerized visual aids, it is probably the best choice of visual aid.

Front 49

Describe the intent of informative speaking

Back 49

An informative speech communicates knowledge and understanding about a process, an event, a person or place, an object, or a concept.

Front 50

Compare and contrast the different types of informative speaking.

Back 50

Speeches about processes describe how something is done, how something comes to be what is is, or how something works while speeches about events describe or explain significant, interesting, or unusual occurrences. They help an audience understand what happened, why it happened, and what effect it had. Speeches about events describe significant, interesting, or unusual places or people and can be fun because you can share experiences with or about these people or place in your own life. Speeches about objects are about anything that is tangible and are intend to inform the audience of its components or characteristics so they can better understand it's value or importance. A speech about a concept is about an abstraction and is intended to help your audience understand said abstraction.

Front 51

Identify places to go to find supporting material.

Back 51

Our own experiences and knowledge, doing research at the library or on the internet, and interviewing others.

Front 52

Clarify areas that you need to consider when using information from the internet as supportive material.

Back 52

Is the information reliable? Is the information authoritative? How current is the information? How complete is the information? Is the information relevant? Is the information consistent and unbiased?

Front 53

Describe, define, and explain the use of guidelines of using examples as evidence.

Back 53

Examples are specific instances used to illustrate a concept, experience, issue or problem. A real example is an instance that actually took place and a hypothetical example is an instance that did not take place, but could. Example is used to clarify concepts, reinforce points, bring concepts to life, elicit emotion, or to build your case or make credible generalizations.

Front 54

Describe, define, and explain the use of guidelines of using narrative as evidence.

Back 54

A narrative is a story that recounts or foretells real or hypothetical events. They help us explain, interpret, and understand events in our lives or the lives of others. There are brief narratives that highlight a specific point, and extended narratives that cover a broader topic. We use narratives to personalize a point, challenge the audience to think in new ways, draw an audience in emotionally, and unite with the audience.

Front 55

Describe, define, and explain the use of guidelines of using statistics as evidence.

Back 55

Statistics are numerical summaries of facts, figures, and research findings. They help audiences understand amounts, proportions, and percentages. The speaker uses statistic to synthesize large amounts of information, when the numbers tell a powerful story, and when numerical evidence strengthens a claim.

Front 56

Describe, define, and explain the use of guidelines of using testimony as evidence.

Back 56

When speakers use the opinions or observations of other, they are using testimony as a source of evidence. A speaker uses it when you need the voice of an expert, to illustrate differences or agreements, and sometimes even your own testimony can be used when it will be the best.

Front 57

Describe, define, and explain the use of guidelines of using definitions as evidence.

Back 57

A definition is a statement of the exact meaning of a word or phrase. It is used to clarify and create understanding, clarify an emotionally or politically charged word, to illustrate what something is not, and to trace the history of a word.

Front 58

Describe, define, and explain the use of guidelines of using cited sources as evidence.

Back 58

There are 2 reasons to cite sources: it is ethical and it adds credibility to your ideas.

Front 59

Define a small group.

Back 59

Three to fifteen people who must work together to achieve a common goal and who have the ability to influence one another through verbal and nonverbal communication.

Front 60

Describe the ways in which you can engage in small group speaking.

Back 60

Oral reports, Panel discussions, Symposiums, Team Presentations, Problem-Solving Sessions, and Meetings.

Front 61

Clarify the steps to preparing, managing and answering questions during small group speaking events.

Back 61

To prepare for a question, the speaker must identify potential questions and formulate and practice answers. To manage and answer the question the speaker must explain the format, listen and clarify, keep a positive mind set, address the entire group, answer with honesty, and stay focused.

Front 62

Explain how you remain ethical in small group speaking situations.

Back 62

Consider the group's purpose and audience when selecting a presentation, use appropriate delivery, style, and skills, organize the presentation, and use effective visual aids as needed.

Front 63

What is Monroe's Motivated Sequence?

Back 63

A step by step process used to persuade audiences by gaining attention, demonstrating a need, satisfying that need, visualizing beneficial results, and calling for action.