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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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-building blocks of proteins -individual chemical properties are essential in the peptides and proteins that they form |
amino acids |
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linked to each other by peptide bonds to form peptides to polypeptides to proteins --forming peptide chains to form proteins that can be globular (twisted) structure |
amino acids |
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NOT present at birth -determined by the sequences of the nitrogenous bases in the DNA --sequence of the genetic code determines what amino acid will be produced |
amino acids |
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determine the biologic activity of proteins -help catalyze all the processes in the body due to biologic protein activity |
chemical properties of amino acids |
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basic structure of amino acids |
-common groups -R group/ side group /variable group |
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-N-terminal amino group (NH3) -C-terminal carboxylic group (COO-) -alpha carbon -alpha hydrogen --present in ALL amino acids |
common groups |
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-differentiate one amino acid from another amino acid -used to identify specific amino acids |
R group/ side or variable group |
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-new amino acid attaches to the C terminal of another amino acid formation of a peptide bond --N terminal of the next amino acid connects to the C terminal of the previous amino acid forming a bond |
peptide bond formation |
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point of attachment |
C terminal |
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initiates the attachment to another amino acid |
N terminal |
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comprised of CHON (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen)
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peptide bond formation |
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-H20 is released in peptide bond formation -can connect to many other amino acids to form longer and longer bonds eventually forming proteins once the chain twists |
peptide bond formation |
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structure based amino acids |
-aliphatic -aromatic -heterocyclic -imino acids -derived amino acids |
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-BOTH non polar and hydrophobic -contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms on side chain |
aliphatic |
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-hydrophobicity is determined by the number of carbon present in the side chain --MORE carbon = MORE hydrophobic |
aliphatic |
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types of aliphatic amino acids |
-mono-amino mono-carboxylic -mono-amino di-carboxylic -di-basic mono-carboxylic |
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UNDER mono-amino mono-carboxylic |
-simple amino acid -branched-chain aa -OH-group containing aa -sulfur containing aa -amide-group containing aa |
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only contains carbon and hydrogen atom |
simple amino acid |
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-valine -isopropyl side chain -leucine -isobutyl side chain -isoleucine -isopropyl & isobutyl side chain -sec-butyl side chain |
branched chain |
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mono-amino di-carboxylic |
-aspartic acid -glutamic acid |
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Di-basic mono-carboxylic
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-arginine -lysine |
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contains an aromatic ring on the side chain |
aromatic |
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examples of aromatic |
-phenylalanine -tyrosine & tryptophan |
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contains a cyclic ring that is not completely made up of carbon --one or more atoms is a NON carbon |
heterocyclic |
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examples of heterocylic |
-tryptophan -proline |
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Contains BOTH carboxylic & amino group Example is Proline |
Imino-acids |
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classifications of Amino acids |
-structure -side-chain characters -nutritional requirements -metabolic fate |
