Cc 306 Exam 3: Cardio Diagnostic Terms

Front 1

acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

Back 1

signs and symptoms indicating an active process of atherosclerotic plaque buildup or formation of a thrombus, or spasm within a coronary artery, causing a reduction of loss of blood flow to myocardial infarction (MI); early diagnosis and rapid treatment are critical to avoid or minimize damage to heart muscle

Front 2

arrhythmia

Back 2

any of several kinds of irregularity or loss or rhythm of the heartbeat

Front 3

dysrhythmia

Back 3

any of several kinds of irregularity of loss or rhythm of the heartbeat

Front 4

bradycardia

Back 4

slow heart rate (less than 60 beats/minutes)

Front 5

fibrillation

Back 5

chaotic, irregular contractions of the heart, as in atrial or ventricular fibrillation

Front 6

premature ventricular contraction (PVC)

Back 6

a ventricular contraction preceding the normal impulse initiated by the SA node (pacemaker)

Front 7

tachycardia

Back 7

fast heart rate (greater than 100beats/minute)

Front 8

bacterial endocarditis

Back 8

a bacterial inflammation that affects the endocardium or the heart valves

Front 9

cardiac tamponade

Back 9

compression of the heart produced by the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac, as results from pericarditis or trauma, causing rupture of a bloos vessel within the heart (tampon= a plug)

Front 10

cardiomyopathy

Back 10

a general term for disease of the heart muscle, such as alcoholic cardiomyopathy (damage to the heart muscle caused by excessive consumption of alcohol)

Front 11

congenital anomaly of the heart

Back 11

malformations of the heart that present at birth (congenital = born with; anomaly = = irregularity)

Front 12

atrial septal defect (ASD)

Back 12

an opening in the septum separating the atria

Front 13

coarctation of the aorta

Back 13

narrowing of the descending portion of the aorta, resulting in a limited of blood to the lower part of the body

Front 14

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

Back 14

an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta caused by failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close after birth (patent = open)

Front 15

ventricular septal defect (VSD)

Back 15

an opening in the septum separating the ventricles

Front 16

congestive heart failure (CHF)

Back 16

failure of the left ventricle to pump an adequate amount of blood to meet the demands of the body, resulting in a "bottleneck" of congestion in the lungs that may extend to the veins, causing edema in lower portions of the body

Front 17

left ventricular failure

Back 17

failure of the left ventricle to pump an adequate amount of blood to meet the demands of the body, resulting in a "bottleneck" of congestion in the lungs that may extend to the veins, causing edema in lower portions of the body

Front 18

cor pulmonale

Back 18

enlargement of the right ventricle, resulting from chronic disease within the lungs, that causes congestion within the pulmonary circulation and resistance of blood flow to the lungs (cor = heart)

Front 19

right ventricular disease

Back 19

enlargement of the right ventricle, resulting from chronic disease within the lungs, that causes congestion within the pulmonary circulation and resistance of blood flow to the lungs (cor = heart)

Front 20

coronary artery disease

Back 20

a condition affecting arteries of the heart that reduces the flow of blood and the delivery or oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium; most often caused by atherosclerosis

Front 21

hypertension (HTN)

Back 21

persistently high blood pressure

Front 22

essential hypertension

Back 22

high blood pressure attributed to no single cause; risks include smoking, obesity, increased salt intake, hypercholesterolemia, and hereditary factors

Front 23

primary hypertension

Back 23

high blood pressure attributed to no single cause; risks include smoking, obesity, increased salt intake, hypercholesterolemia, and hereditary factors

Front 24

secondary hypertension

Back 24

high blood pressure caused by the effects of another disease (e.g., kidney disease)

Front 25

mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

Back 25

protrusion of one or both cusps of the mitral valve back into the left atrium during ventricular contraction, resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood

Front 26

myocardial infaraction (MI)

Back 26

heart attack; death of myocardial tissue (infarction) caused by ischemia (loss of blood flow) as a result of an occlusion (plugging) of a coronary artery; usually caused by atherosclerosis; symptoms include pain in the chest or upper body (shoulder, neck, and jaw), shortness of breath, diaphoresis, and nausea

Front 27

myocarditis

Back 27

inflammation of myocardium; most often caused by viral or bacterial infection

Front 28

pericarditis

Back 28

inflammation of the pericardium

Front 29

rheumatic heart disease

Back 29

damage to heart muscle and heart valves by rheumatic fever (a streptococcal infection)

Front 30

sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)

Back 30

the abrupt cessation of any cardiac output (CO), most commonly as the result of ventricular fibrillation; causes sudden death unless defibrillation in initiated immediately

Front 31

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Back 31

related to the veins

-formation of a clot in a deep vein of the body, occurring most often in the femoral and iliac veins

Front 32

phlebitis

Back 32

related to the veins

-inflammation of a vein

Front 33

thrombophlebitis

Back 33

related to the veins

-inflammation of a vein associated with a clot formation

Front 34

varicose veins

Back 34

related to the veins

-abnormally swollen, twisted veins with defective valves; most often seen in the legs