Cc 306 Exam 3: Blood And Lymph-Diagnostic Terms

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acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

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a syndrome caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that renders immune cells ineffective, permitting opportunistic infections, malignancies, and neurologic diseases to develop; transmitted sexually or through contaminated blood

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anemia

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a condition of reduced numbers of red blood cells, hemoglobin, or packed red cells in the blood, resulting in a diminished ability of red blood cells to transport oxygen to the tissues

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aplastic anemia

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a normocytic-normochromic type of anemia characterized by the failure of bone marrow to produce red blood cells

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iron deficiency anemia

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a microcytic-hypochromic type of anemia characterized by a lack of iron that affects the production of hemoglobin and is characterized by small red blood cells containing low amounts of hemoglobin

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pernicious anemia

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a macrocytic-normochromic type of anemia characterized by an inadequate supply of vitamin B(12), causing red blood cells to become large, varied in shaped, and reduced in number

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autoimmune disease

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any disorder characterized by abnormal function of the immune system that causes the body to produce antibodies against itself, resulting in tissue destruction or loss of function; rheumatoid arthritis and lupus are examples of autoimmune diseases (auto = self)

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erthroblastosis fetalis

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a disorder that results from the incompatibility of a fetus with Rh-postive blood and a mother with Ph-negative blood, causing red blood cell destruction in the fetus; a blood transfusion is necessary to save the fetus

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Rh factor

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presence or lack of antigens on the surface of red blood cells, which causes a reaction between Rh-positive blood and Rh-negative blood

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Rh positive

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presence of antigens

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Rh negative

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absence of antigens

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hemochromatosis

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hereditary disorder with an excessive buildup of iron deposits in the body

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hemophilia

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a group of hereditary bleeding disorders caused by a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood

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leukemia

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chronic or acute malignant (cancerous) disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by abnormal leukocytes in the blood and bone marrow

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myelodysplasis

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disorder within the bone marrow characterized by a proliferation of abnormal stem cells (cells that give rise to different types of blood cells); usually develops into a specific type of leukemia

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lymphoma

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any neoplastic disorder of lymoh tissue, usually malignant, as in Hodgkin disease

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metastasis

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process by which cancer cells are spread by blood or lymph circulation to a distant organ; the plural form, metastases, indicates spreading to two or more distant sites

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mononucleosis

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condition caused by the Epstein-Barr virus and characterized by an increase in mononuclear cells (monocytes and lymphocytes) in the blood along with enlarged lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy), fatigue, and sore throat (pharyngitis)

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polycythemia

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increased number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the blood

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septicemia

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systemic disease caused by infection with microorganisms and their toxins in circulating blood