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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anatomic or anatomical position
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a terms of reference that health professionals use when noting body planes, positions, or directions: the person is assumed to be standing upright (erect), facing downward, feet pointed forward and slightly apart, with arms at the sides and palms facing forward; the patient is visualized in this pose when applying any other term of reference
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body planes
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reference planes for indicating the location or direction of body parts
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coronal plane
frontal plane |
body plane
vertical division of the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions |
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sagittal plane
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-body plane
-vertical division of the body into right and left portions |
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transverse plane
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-body plane
-horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions |
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anterior
ventral |
-directional terms
-front of the body |
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posterior
dorsal |
-directional terms
-back of the body |
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anterior-posterior (AP)
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-directional terms
-from front to back, as in reference to the direction of an X-ray beam |
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posterior-anterior (PA)
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-directional terms
-From back to front, as in reference to the direction of an X-ray beam |
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superior
cephalic |
-directional terms
-situated above another structure, towards the head |
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inferior
caudal |
-directional terms
-situated below another structure, away from the head |
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proximal
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-directional terms
-toward the beginning or origin of a structure; for example, the proximal aspect of the femur (thigh bone) is the area closest to where it attaches to the hip |
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distal
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-directional terms
-away from the beginning or origin of a structure; for example, the distal aspect of the femur (thigh bone) is the area at the end of the bone near the knee |
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medial
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-directional terms
-toward the middle (midline) |
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lateral
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-directional terms
-toward the side |
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axis
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-directional terms
-the imaginary line that runs through the center of the body or a body part |
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erect
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-body positions
-normal standing position |
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decubitus
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-body positions
-lying down, especially in a bed; lateral decubitus is lying on the side (decumbo=to lie down) |
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prone
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-body positions
-lying face down and flat |
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recumbent
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-body positions
-lying down |
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supine
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-body positions
-horizontal recumbent; lying flat on the back ("on the spine') |
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flexion
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-body movements
-bending at the joint so that the angle between the bones is decreased |
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extension
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-body movements
-straightening at the joint so that the angle between the bones is increasing |
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abduction
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-body movements
-movement away from the body |
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adduction
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-body movements
-movements toward the body |
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rotation
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-body movements
-circular movement around an axis |
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eversion
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-body movements
-turning outward, i.e., of a foot |
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inversion
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-body movements
-turning inward, i.e., of a foot |
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supination
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-body movements
-turning of the palmar surface (palm of the hand) or plantar surface (sole of the foot) upward or forward |
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pronation
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-body movement
-turning of the palmar surface (palm of the hand) or plantar surface (sole of the foot) downward or backward |
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dorsiflexion
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-body movements
-bending of the foot or the toes upward |
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plantar flexion
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-body movements
-bending of the sole of the foot by curling the toes toward the ground |
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range of motion (ROM)
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-body movements
-total motion possible in a joint, described by the terms related to body movement (i.e., ability to flex, extend, abduct, or adduct); measured in degrees |
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goniometer
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-body movements
-instrument used to measure joint angles (gonio=angle) |
