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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A single clone of cells secreting a single antibody is made by |
fusing a B cell with a myeloma cell |
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What is a spleen cell with relation to HGPRT |
has HGPRT enzyme but is not able to grow in long term culture |
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What is a myeloma cell with relation to HGPRT |
HGPRT deficient, therefore not able to use the salvage pathway for RNA synthesis |
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what is a hybridoma cell with relation to HGPRT |
has HGPRT from a spleen cell and immortality from a myeloma cell therefore is able to grow in the HAT medium |
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what is HGPRT |
an enzyme encoded in humans by the HPRT1 gene |
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PTA ELISA stands for |
plate trapped antigen enzyme linked immunosorbant assay |
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Why do we need to humanise monoclonal antibodies |
Immunogenicity - most mAbs used in vivo are of mouse origin and are therefore XENOGENEIC resulting in Human Anti-Mouse Antibody (HAMA) reactions Size - Intact immunoglobulin molecules penetrate cells poorly resulting in low uptake in targeted organ Origin - Mouse origin diminishes their ability to elicit effector mechanisms such as COMPLEMENT-MEDIATED LYSIS or ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT CELL-MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY (ADCC) |
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why do we no longer use xenoantibodies |
seen as foreign proteins by the patients immune system |
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stratergies to increase the human content of antibodies |
Production of human mAbs (Humab) Replacement of the constant regions of mouse mAbs with those of human antibodies yielding CHIMERIC ANTIBODIES Replacement of complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) of a human antibody with those of a mouse antibody via CDR GRAFTING to make a Humanised antibody |
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How do you make chimeric antibodies |
Replacement of the constant regions of mouse mAbs with those of human antibodies |
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How do you humanise an antibody |
Replacementof complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) of a human antibody with those ofa mouse antibody via CDR GRAFTING |
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What isotopes are employed in immunoscintigraphy |
123I, iodohippurate sodium131I andyttrium Y90 |
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clearence of blood radioactivity is more rapid when what is used |
antibody fragments: Fab and F(ab)2 |
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what is non hodgkins lymphoma |
a malignant growth of B cells that results in tumors in lymph nodes and throughout the body |
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Drugs for NHL |
Rituxan Rituximab |
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what does RItuxan do |
mAb targeted against CD20 |
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breast cancer genes |
BRCA1 and BRCA2 |
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Breast cancer cells express an antigen on their surface called |
HER2 |
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Breast cancer cells grow and divide when what protein attaches itself to HER2 |
human epidermal growth factor |
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Drugs for breast cancer |
Herceptin |
