Cbio 6

Front 1

Fascia surrounding the brachial plexus

Back 1

prevertebral fascia/axillary sheath

Front 2

The chords of the plexus are named according to their position to the _____

Back 2

axillary artery

Front 3

Prefixed Brachial Plexus is from
Postfixed Brachial Plexus is from

Back 3

C4-C8
C6-T2

Front 4

Only nerve of the upper limb that does not originate from the brachial plexus. As a result, anesthetized nerve blocks will NOT block this nerve. Provides sensation in the armpit.

Back 4

Intercostobrachial Nerve T2

Front 5

The lymphatic drainage of the breast is clinically important because of its role in the _____.

Back 5

spread of cancer cells

Front 6

Lymphatic Drainage of the Breast:
Approximately _____ of the lymphatic drainage of the breast is via lymphatic vessels that drain laterally & superiorly into the _____. Most of the remaining lymph, particularly from the medial portion of the breast, flows into the _____ or to the opposite breast. The lower portion drain into the _____ nodes.

Back 6

75%
axillary nodes
parasternal lymph nodes
abdominal nodes

Front 7

Axillary Lymphatics (from the Axillary lymph nodes)
_____(anterior) nodes-receive majority of lymph from breast tissue
_____(lateral) nodes-receive majority of lymph from upper limb
_____(posterior) nodes-receive lymph from back and shoulder
_____nodes- embedded with the axillary fat
_____nodes- receive lymph from all other axillary groups


Lymph from the apical nodes then
flows into the _____ (right
side) or _____ (left side)
which empty into the venous system

Back 7

Pectoral
Humeral
Subscapular
Central
Apical

right lymphatic duct
thoracic duct

Front 8

A mastectomy may damage which nerve?

Back 8

The long thoracic (resulting in a winged scapula)

Front 9

Breast cancer tumor consequences

Back 9

Edema of breast
Orange peel appearance
Deviation of nipple
Dimpling of the breast

Front 10

When cancers cells invade the retromammary space and attach to the underlying pectoralis major muscle- the breast _____ when the muscle contracts. This is an early warning sign

Back 10

elevates/deviates

Front 11

AC dislocations (sometimes called “separations”) results from injury to the AC joint with rupture of the _____

Back 11

coracoclavicular ligaments

Front 12

The Brachial Plexus and subclavian artery course between the _____/_____ ______ muscles.

Back 12

anterior and middle scalene muscles

Front 13

Where the supracondylar ridge?

Back 13

The lateral border of the lateral condyle

Front 14

Difference between condyle & epicondyle on the humerus

Back 14

the condyles are sections
the epicondyles are projections contained within the condyles

Front 15

Capitulum & Trochlea
Which is medial and which is lateral? What is superior to each?

Back 15

Capitulum is lateral (Radial Fossa is superior)
Trochlea medial (coronoid foss is superior)

Front 16

Receives the coronoid process of ulna during flexion of elbow.
Receives the radial head during flexion of the elbow

Back 16

Coronoid fossa
Radial fossa

Front 17

What's in the radial groove?

Back 17

The radial nerve and the deep brachial artery

Front 18

What's your funny bone?
What nerve gets impinged?
Where is this nerve located?

Back 18

Medial epicondyle
Ulnar Nerve
Ulnar groove

Front 19

If you have a surgical neck fracture of the humerus, what nerve is in danger?
Shaft fracture?

Back 19

axillary
Radial

Front 20

the shaft of a bone
growth region of a bone

zone of bone adjacent to the epiphyseal cartilage…where it flairs out
Ends of the long bones

Back 20

diaphysis
epiphyseal plate
Metaphysis
Epiphysis

Front 21

For every deep artery in the upper limb, what is usually paired with it? What are they called?

Back 21

2 deep veins
venae communicantes

Front 22

Vein that separates the deltoid and pect major.
Another vein: Ascends the anterior & medial aspects of the arm...the vein blood is typically drawn from

Back 22

cephalic vein
basilic vein

Front 23

Superficial veins almost always flow back into a _____ vein.

Back 23

deep

Front 24

The _____ divide the arm into anterior (flexor) and posterior (extensor) compartments

Back 24

septa

Front 25

The bicep, in addition to its other actions, also

Back 25

flexes the humerus

Front 26

When a bicep pops, typically it tears away from the _____. Typically occurs due to wear and tear or prolonged _____

Back 26

long head (supraglenoid tubercle)
tendonitis

Front 27

Which nerve almost always goes through the coracobrachialis?

What does this nerve become later on and what are its nerve roots?

Back 27

Musculocutaneous

the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm (C5-C7)

Front 28

The brachial artery splits at the elbow and becomes the ...

Back 28

radial & ulnar arteries

Front 29

Main arterial supply to the arm

Back 29

brachial artery

Front 30

accompanies the median nerve throughout its course

Back 30

brachial artery

Front 31

Its is clinically significant in that _____ can be ligated (tied-off) distal to the profunda (i.e. to control heavy post traumatic bleeding) because of the extensive collateral circulation around the elbow

Back 31

brachial artery

Front 32

Another name for deep

Back 32

profunda

Front 33

anastomoses

Back 33

alternate routes for blood flow

Front 34

What nerve passes through the triangular interval

This nerve gives off the

What's the nerve roots?

Back 34

Radial nerve

posterior cutaneous nerves of the arm/forearm

C6, C7, C8

Front 35

The radial nerve branches out _____ for the tricep. However. if a fracture in the shaft occurs, a patient may still suffer damage to the _____.

Back 35

soon
extensors of the forearm & hand

Front 36

Lymph from the upper limb goes into which 2 veins?

Back 36

cephalic & basilic

Front 37

The glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

_____ type _____ joint

Extremely ____ (motion) joint-but relatively _____ (stable/unstable)

Large humeral head articulates (bone to bone only about _____) with the small, shallow glenoid cavity

Glenoid Labrum- a _____ “ring” that surrounds and deepens the glenoid cavity- providing greater stability

Musculotendinous Rotator Cuff helps stabilize and hold the humeral head within glenoid cavity

Back 37

Ball-and-socket type synovial joint
mobile unstable
1/3
fibrocartilagenous

Front 38

holds long head of bicep tendon in the bicipital groove

Back 38

Transverse Humeral Ligament

Front 39

The fibrous joint capsule around the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint is _____so we can have a large range of motion.

Back 39

loose

Front 40

Glenohumeral Ligament
Protected superiorly by the _____
Protected anteriorly by the _____
Protected posteriorly the _____
Thus, if a tear occurs, it's going to occur _____.

Back 40

coracoacromial ligament arch (from coracoid to acromion)
glenohumeral ligaments (superior, middle, inferior) and Subscapularis
3 Rotator cuff tendons (Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor)
inferiorly

Front 41

Shoulder dislocations due to trauma are most common in the _____ direction…humeral heads often end up beneath the _____

Back 41

anterior-inferior
coracoid process (sub-coracoid)

Front 42

Shoulder dislocations can tear/damage the _____ which results in a high incidence of recurrence

Back 42

glenoid labrum

Front 43

The Long head of the bicep is susceptible to _____ & _____ due to its course thru the bicipital groove and intra-articular position within the shoulder

Back 43

tendonitis
subsequent tears

Front 44

Muscles in the anterior compartment of the humerus are all innervated by the _____

Muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm (triceps) are all _____

Back 44

musculocutaneous nerve
radial nerve innervated

Front 45

Difference between cutaneous nerves & dermatomes

Back 45

Dermatomes are representations of which spinal nerve root innervates a specific region of the skin

Cutaneous innervations refer to areas of skin innervated by specific “named” peripheral nerves which can contain fibers from multiple spinal nerve roots

Front 46

Where are the condylar ridges of the humerus?

Back 46

towards the distal end on the medial & lateral sides