Cbc, Endocrine, Dermatology Labs

Front 1

WBC normal lab values?

Back 1

5,000-10,0000mm3

Front 2

WBC critical values?

Back 2

<2,500 or >30,000mm3

Front 3

WBC test indications?

Back 3

infection, neoplasm, allergy, immunosuppression, trauma, stress

Front 4

Function of WBC's?

Back 4

to fight infection and foreign bodies and tissues

Front 5

how is WBC measured?

Back 5

total WBC in 1 mm3 of peripheral venous blood

Front 6

WBC count interfering factors?

Back 6

eating, physical activity, stress, pregnacy, splenectomy

Front 7

Drugs that increase WBC counts?

Back 7

adrenaline, allopurinol, ASA, heparin, steroids, chloroform

Front 8

Drugs that decrease WBC counts?

Back 8

antibiotics, antihistamines, anticonvulsants, diuretics, sulfonamides

Front 9

Ddx if increased WBC count?

Back 9

malignancy, trauma, hemorrhage, inflammation, infection, thyroid storm

Front 10

Ddx if decreased WBC count?

Back 10

drug toxicity, bone marrow failure, uncontrolled infection, autoimmune disease

Front 11

What WBC is responisble for phagocytosis?

Back 11

neutrophils

Front 12

What is indicated of increased lypmhocytes?

Back 12

acute viral infection

Front 13

what regulates the # of leukocytes in blood?

Back 13

endocrine

Front 14

characteristics of granulocytes?

Back 14

multi-lobular nucleus and granule in cytoplasm

Front 15

name the 3 granulocytes

Back 15

nuetrophils, basophils, eosinophils

Front 16

what is indicative on increased basophils?

Back 16

parasite infection, allergy, and chronic inflammation

Front 17

what is indicative on increased lymphocytes?

Back 17

chronic bacterial infection ,infectious mononucleosis, infectous hepatitis

Front 18

what is indicative of increased monocytes?

Back 18

chronic inflammatory infection, TB, malaria, ulcerative colitis

Front 19

What are the 2 agranulocytes?

Back 19

lymphocytes, monocytes

Front 20

Hct is usually _____ times the _____ concentration

Back 20

3 times the Hgb concentration

Front 21

what are some causes of erythrocytosis?

Back 21

COPD, high altitudes, smoking, severe dehydration, sickle cell anemia, polycythemia

Front 22

list the 5 reasons why you order a particular test...

Back 22

establish diagnosis, screen for diease, monitor therapy, establish prognosis, determine effective drug use.

Front 23

List common types of lab errors

Back 23

deterioration of reagent, misread or misused machine, improper sample prep/handling, dehydrated pt, improperly timed draw

Front 24

what is the "gold standard"

Back 24

the test that all other tests are based on... THE DEFINITIVE TEST

Front 25

what is sensitivity?

Back 25

screens for and identifies people who actually have the disease

Front 26

what is specificity?

Back 26

it identifies and confirms that patient that DOES NOT have the disease that you screened for

Front 27

what is defined as "normal value"

Back 27

4.7-6.1the range that 95% of the healthy population falls

Front 28

what is the normal RBC count in men?

Back 28

4.7-6.1

Front 29

whats the RBC count critical value?

Back 29

<2.0 and >7.0

Front 30

what is the normal RBC count in women?

Back 30

4.2 - 5.4

Front 31

whats the test indication for RBC?

Back 31

needing to eval. the # of RBCs... done serially in bleeding or anemic patients

Front 32

whats the test explanation for RBC?

Back 32

to count the # or circulating RBCs in 1 mm3 of peripheral venous blood

Front 33

what are interfering factors that cause increase in RBC?

Back 33

high altitudes, smoking, dehydration

Front 34

what are interfering factors that cause decrease in RBC?

Back 34

pregnancy, over hydration

Front 35

what drugs cause increase in RBC?

Back 35

gentamicin and methyldopa

Front 36

what drugs cause decrease in RBC?

Back 36

chloramphenicol, hydantoins, quinidine

Front 37

what is the clinical significance of increase RBC?

Back 37

erythrocytosis, congenital heart disease, COPD, polycythemia vera, severe dehydration

Front 38

what is the clinical significance of decrease of RBC?

Back 38

anemia, hemorrhage, dietary defieciency, bone marrow failure, prosthetic valves, renal disease, rheumatoid disease, pregnancy

Front 39

Hgb normal values in men?

Back 39

14-18g/dl

Front 40

Hgb normal values in women?

Back 40

12-16g/dl

Front 41

Hgb critical values?

Back 41

<5g/dl or >20g/dl

Front 42

test indication for Hgb?

Back 42

to measure hemoglobin in blood, rapid indirect measurement of RBC count.... used serially in bleeding or anemic patients

Front 43

whats the job of Hgb

Back 43

carries O2 and C02...

Front 44

interfering factors that increase Hgb?

Back 44

high altitudes, smoking

Front 45

interfering factors that decrease Hgb?

Back 45

pregnancy

Front 46

drugs that increase Hgb levels?

Back 46

gentamicin and methyldopa

Front 47

drugs that decrease Hgb levels?

Back 47

antibiotics, antineoplastic drugs, aspirin, sulfonomides, rifampin

Front 48

what is the significance of increase Hgb values?

Back 48

erythrocytosis, congenital heart disease, COPD, polycythemia, severe dehydration

Front 49

whats indicated by decreased Hgb levels?

Back 49

anemia, cirrhosis, hemorrhage, dietary deficiency, bone marrow failure, renal disease, prosthetic valves, rheumatoid disease

Front 50

what is the most informative of all hematologic tests?

Back 50

blood smear

Front 51

whats a indication of a blood smear?

Back 51

Any process that diagnosis requires direct examination of the blood, infections, infestations, leukemia

Front 52

what are variations in RBC size called?

Back 52

anisocytosis

Front 53

what are variations in RCB shape called?

Back 53

poikilocytosis

Front 54

What are normal values for thrombocyte count?

Back 54

150,000-400,000/mm3

Front 55

thrombocyte count critical values?

Back 55

<50,000 or >1,000,000/mm3

Front 56

thrombocyte count test indication?

Back 56

patients with petichiae, spontaneous, bleeding, heavy menses, thrombocytopenia, used to monitor course of disease or treatment

Front 57

where are thrombocytes formed?

Back 57

megakaryocytes

Front 58

thrombocytes do what?

Back 58

help initiate coagulation factor cascade

Front 59

increased thrombocyte counts are indicators of what?

Back 59

malignancy, polycythemia vera, RA, iron-deficiency anemia

Front 60

what drugs increase thrombocyte counts?

Back 60

estrogens and oral controceptives

Front 61

what drugs decrease thrombocyte levels?

Back 61

acetaminophen, aspirin, chemotherapeutic agents, thiazide diuretics

Front 62

what to decreased thrombocyte test results indicate?

Back 62

hyperspenism, hemorrhage, leukemia, systemic lupus erythematosus, infection

Front 63

What are the normal values for Mean Platelet Volume (MPV)?

Back 63

7.4-10.4fL

Front 64

whats indication for MPV?

Back 64

eval of platelet disorders and thrombocytopenia

Front 65

interfering factors for MPV?

Back 65

none listed

Front 66

increase MPV indicates what?

Back 66

valvular heart disease, immune thrombocytopenia, hemmorhage, vitamin b12 deficiency, myelogenous leukemia

Front 67

decrease MPV indicates what?

Back 67

aplastic anemia, chemotherapy, wiskott-aldrich syndrome

Front 68

Hct critical values?

Back 68

<15% or >60%

Front 69

Hct test indication?

Back 69

its a rapid indirect measurement of RBC number and volume... used in patients with ongoing bleeding

Front 70

increased Hct levels indicate what?

Back 70

erythrocytosis, congenital heart disease, COPD, severe dehydration, polycythemia

Front 71

decreased Hct levels indicate what?

Back 71

anemia, hemoglobinopathy, hemorrhage, bone marrow failure, pregnancy, renal failure

Front 72

What tests are used to provide info about RBC size?

Back 72

MCV (mean corpuscular volume) and RDW (rbc distrubution width)

Front 73

what are the normal MCV values?

Back 73

96-108mm3

Front 74

post-prandial glucose explanation?

Back 74

BGL after a meal or glucose challenge used to diagnose DM

Front 75

post-prandial glucose normal values?

Back 75

<140mg/dL (0-50years)... over 50 increase by 10mg/dL

Front 76

when should BGL return to "normal" after post prandial BGL?

Back 76

2 hours

Front 77

interfering factors for most BGL tests?

Back 77

smoking, increased stress, eating, exercise, vomiting

Front 78

causes of increased BGL?

Back 78

DM, malnutrition, hyperthyroidism, stress, cushing's disease.

Front 79

causes of decreased BGL?

Back 79

hypothyroidism, insulinoma, hypopituitarism, addison disease, malabsorption

Front 80

glucose tolerance test explanation?

Back 80

used to ovbserve insulin response post meal/glucose challenge... measured 30min, 1hr, 2hr, 3hr.

Front 81

contraindication of glucose tolerance test?

Back 81

Diagnosed diabetics or those with endocrine disorders may not be able to tolerate glucose challenge

Front 82

indication of glucose tolerance test?

Back 82

to eval. pts with hypoglycemia

Front 83

more reasons that cause increase glucose levels?

Back 83

corticosteroid therapy, pancreatitis, renal failure

Front 84

glycosylated hemoglobin (A1-C) test explanation?

Back 84

to measure the long term average of a patients BGL

Front 85

A1-C test indication?

Back 85

to monitor diabetes treatment. Aids in assessing patient compliance and or medication efficacy.

Front 86

A1-C normal values for diabetic and non diabetic?

Back 86

<6% for those w/o DM
<7% as goal for those with DM

Front 87

What A1-C level would you reassess a patients treatment/compliance?

Back 87

around 8%

Front 88

define random glucose?

Back 88

any capillary BGL without correlation to time/meals/etc

Front 89

describe indications for capillary BGL draw?

Back 89

1.) to screen for hyper/hypoglicemia
2.)to self-monitor BGL
3.)to determine Rx
4.)assess LOC

Front 90

normal values for fasting BGL?

Back 90

70-110mg/dL

Front 91

pre-diabetic values with fasting BGL?

Back 91

110-125mg/dL

Front 92

fasting BGL required for DM Dx?

Back 92

>126mg/dL

Front 93

meds that increase BGL?

Back 93

steroids, diuretics, beta-blockers, estrogens

Front 94

what meds decrease BGL?

Back 94

tylenol, alcohol (and prep pads), diabetic meds

Front 95

what are critical values for BGL?

Back 95

<40mg/dL to >400mg/dL

Front 96

what are alternate sites for BGL monitoring?

Back 96

biceps, forearms

Front 97

describe C-peptide indication?

Back 97

to eval patients to may incorrectly administer or abuse insulin

Front 98

what are variables affecting test results?

Back 98

age, gender, race, pregnancy, food ingestion, posture