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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Definition of molecular genetics
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the study of agents that pass information from generation to generation.
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How can a DNA sequence be changed? (2)
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1: copying errors introduced by DNA polymerase during replication.
2: environmental agents such as chemical mutagens or radiation. |
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If DNA damage goes uncorrected, then what will go wrong?
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Changes may interfere with the ability of the cell to function.
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____ ____ is critical for prevention of mutation.
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DNA repair.
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When must DNA repair happen?
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Before the next round of DNA replication.
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Types of mutation
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Point mutation, deletion, insertion, rearrangement of chromosomes or chromosome segments.
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What are causes of point mutation?
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DNA polymerase and some chemicals.
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What are causes of deletion/insertion/rearrangement of chromosomes?
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Radiation, transposons, and some chemicals.
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What are Mechanisms to repair DNA? (6)
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1: Proof reading function of DNA polymerase.
2: Mismatch repair. 3: Direct reversal of of DNA damage. 4: Excision repair. 5: Recombination repair. 6: SOS response. |
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What are carcinogens?
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Agents that cause cancer.
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What do carcinogens cause and what are they associated with?
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DNA damage. High mutation rate.
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What are the 3 main mechanisms of action in antibiotics?
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1: inhibition of protein synthesis.
2: inhibition of cell wall synthesis/maintenance. 3: inhibition of DNA replication. |
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Action of Chloramphenicol.
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Inhibits peptidyl transferase.
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Action of Puromycin.
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Causes premature chain termination.
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Action of Streptomycin.
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It causes misreading and prevents initiation.
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Action of Tetracycline.
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Inhibits aminoacyl-tRNA binding.
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How is exchange of genetic material conducted in bacteria?
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Via plasmids (horizontal transfer).
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