Cb Test 2

Front 1

1. (ch.8) _____ is a series of activities by which stimuli are perceived, transformed into information, and stored. A. Perception B. Interpretation
C. Information processing D. Perceptual exposure E. Selective exposure

Back 1

C. Information processing

Front 2

2. (ch.8) Which of the following stages of the information-processing model constitute perception?
A. exposure B. exposure and attention C. exposure, attention, and interpretation D. exposure, attention, interpretation, and memory E. exposure, attention, interpretation, memory, and action

Back 2

C. exposure, attention, and interpretation

Front 3

3. (ch.8) _____ occurs when a stimulus is placed within a person's relevant environment and comes within range of their sensory receptor nerves. A. Perception B. Attention
C. Interpretation D. Perceptual offense E. Exposure

Back 3

E. Exposure

Front 4

4. (ch.8) The fact that all aspects of the perception process are extremely selective is referred to as _____.
A. perceptual selectivity B. sensory screening C. ego defenses D. perceptual defenses E. none of the above

Back 4

D. perceptual defenses

Front 5

5. (ch.8) _____ occurs when one fast-forwards through a commercial on a prerecorded program, and _____ involves switching channels when a commercial appears. A. Zapping; muting B. Zapping; zipping
C. Zipping; muting D. Zipping; zapping E. Muting; avoiding

Back 5

D. Zipping; zapping

Front 6

6. (ch.8) Zipping, zapping, and muting are simply mechanical ways for consumers to selectively avoid exposure to advertising messages, often referred to as _____. A. exposure avoidance B. selective perception
C. selective interpretation D. ad perception E. ad avoidance

Back 6

E. ad avoidance

Front 7

7. (ch.8) Program-length commercials with an 800 number and/or Web address through which to order or request additional information are known as _____. A. infomercials B. direct-to-consumer advertisements
C. advertorials D. infotorials E. product placement

Back 7

A. infomercials

Front 8

8. (ch.8) The voluntary and self-selected nature of online offerings where consumers "opt in" to receive email-based promotions is often referred to as _____. A. voluntary marketing B. optional marketing
C. allowable marketing D. acceptable marketing E. permission-based marketing

Back 8

E. permission-based marketing

Front 9

9. (ch.8) _____ occurs when the stimulus activates one or more sensory receptor nerves, and the resulting sensations go to the brain for processing. A. Attention B. Perception
C. Exposure D. Interpretation E. Selection

Back 9

A. Attention

Front 10

10. (ch.8) Attention is determined by which factor? A. the stimulus B. the individual C. the situation
D. a and b
E. a, b, and c

Back 10

E. a, b, and c

Front 11

11. (ch.8) Which of the following is considered a stimulus factor affecting attention?
A. clutter B. position C. motivation D. ability E. all of the above

Back 11

B. position

Front 12

12. (ch.8) The idea behind _____ is that different parts of our brain are better suited for focused versus nonfocused attention. A. right brain/left brain lateralization B. subliminal lateralization
C. hemispheric lateralization D. interpretation E. affective interpretation

Back 12

C. hemispheric lateralization

Front 13

13. (ch.8) A message presented so fast or so softly or so masked by other messages that one is not aware of seeing or hearing it is called a(n) _____ stimulus. A. subversive B. sublingual
C. lateralized D. subliminal E. unfocused

Back 13

D. subliminal

Front 14

14. (ch.8) _____ is the assignment of meaning to sensations. A. Attention
B. Perception C. Interpretation D. Hemispheric lateralization E. Information processing

Back 14

C. Interpretation

Front 15

15. (ch.8) _____ is a process whereby stimuli are placed into existing categories of meaning. A. Affective interpretation B. Consumer inference C. Cognitive interpretation
D. Perceptual interpretation
E. Perceptual relativity

Back 15

C. Cognitive interpretation

Front 16

16. (ch.8) Color and the nature of the programming surrounding the brand's advertisement are
examples of _____ present in the situation that can play a role in consumer interpretation independent of the actual stimulus. A. stimulus characteristics B. contextual cues
C. situational organization D. stimulus cues E. stimulus traits

Back 16

B. contextual cues

Front 17

17. (ch.8) Any communication or activity that implies, or from which one could reasonably infer, that an organization is associated with an event, when in fact it is not is known as _____. A. gorilla marketing
B. tangential marketing C. stealth marketing D. ambush marketing E. product placement

Back 17

D. ambush marketing

Front 18

18. (ch.9) Any change in the content or organization of long-term memory or behavior is known as _____. A. marketing B. learning
C. cognition D. information processing E. repositioning

Back 18

B. learning

Front 19

19. (ch.9) Which component of memory is also referred to as working memory and is that portion of total memory that is currently activated or in use? A. short-term memory B. long-term memory
C. primary memory D. secondary memory E. transient memory

Back 19

A. short-term memory

Front 20

20. (ch.9)Which portion of total memory is devoted to permanent information storage? A. short-term memory B. long-term memory C. primary memory
D. secondary memory
E. established memory

Back 20

B. long-term memory

Front 21

21. (ch.9) _____ are(is) the use of previously stored experiences, values, attitudes, beliefs, and
feelings to interpret and evaluate information in working memory as well as to add relevant previously stored information. A. Maintenance rehearsal B. Chunking
C. Elaborative activities D. Conceptualization E. Conditioning

Back 21

C. Elaborative activities

Front 22

22. (ch.9) The basic knowledge and feelings an individual has about a concept is known as _____.
A. episodic memory B. primary memory C. accessible memory D. semantic memory E. conditioned memory

Back 22

D. semantic memory

Front 23

23. (ch.9) What are two important long-term memory structures? A. primary and secondary B. schema and scripts C. semantic and conceptual
D. conceptual and imagery
E. iconic and vicarious

Back 23

B. schema and scripts

Front 24

24. (ch.9) Which type of memory is characterized by the conscious recollection of an exposure
event? A. explicit memory B. schematic memory C. implicit memory D. constructed memory E. concrete memory

Back 24

A. explicit memory

Front 25

25. (ch.9) In which type of learning situation does the consumer have little or no motivation to process or learn the material? A. explicit learning B. implicit learning
C. primary learning D. low-involvement learning E. high-involvement learning

Back 25

D. low-involvement learning

Front 26

26. (ch.9) High-involvement learning often involves _____. A. classical conditioning B. iconic rote learning C. operant conditioning
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

Back 26

C. operant conditioning

Front 27

27. (ch.9) Which of the following involves presenting two stimuli in close proximity so that
eventually the two are perceived to be related or associated? A. pairing B. combining C. conditioning
D. operating
E. shaping

Back 27

C. conditioning

Front 28

28. (ch.9) _____ attempts to create an association between a stimulus (e.g., brand name) and
some response (e.g., behavior or feeling). A. Analogous conditioning B. Iconic rote conditioning C. Classical conditioning
D. Modeled conditioning
E. Vicarious conditioning

Back 28

C. Classical conditioning

Front 29

29. (ch.9) _____ attempts to create an association between a response (e.g., buying a brand)
and some outcome (e.g., satisfaction) that serves to reinforce the response. A. Operant conditioning B. Iconic rote conditioning C. Classical conditioning
D. Modeled conditioning
E. Vicarious conditioning

Back 29

A. Operant conditioning

Front 30

30. (ch.9) Which type of learning encompasses all the mental activities of humans as they
work to solve problems or cope with situations? A. conditioning B. cognitive learning C. affective learning
D. shaping E. conscious learning

Back 30

B. cognitive learning

Front 31

31. (ch.9) Learning a concept or the association between two or more concepts in the absence of conditioning is known as _____. A. operant learning B. iconic rote learning
C. vicarious learning D. modeling E. analytical reasoning

Back 31

B. iconic rote learning

Front 32

32. (ch.9) When consumers do not directly experience a reward or punishment to learn but instead observe the outcomes of others' behaviors and adjust their own accordingly, which type of learning has occurred? A. operant learning
B. vicarious learning C. shaping D. analytical reasoning E. iconic rote learning

Back 32

B. vicarious learning

Front 33

33. (ch.9) Which type of reasoning allows consumers to use an existing knowledge base to understand a new situation or object? A. operant reasoning B. analogical reasoning
C. cognitive reasoning D. affective reasoning E. conscious reasoning

Back 33

B. analogical reasoning

Front 34

34. (ch.9) In conditioned learning, forgetting is often referred to as _____. A. decay
B. deconditioning C. extinction D. failure E. retrieval failure

Back 34

C. extinction

Front 35

35. (ch.10) The energizing force that activates behavior and provides purpose and direction to that behavior is known as _____. A. motivation B. personality
C. emotion D. perception E. needs

Back 35

A. motivation

Front 36

36. (ch.10) In McGuire's classification of motives, which ones focus on the person's need for being adaptively oriented toward the environment and achieving a sense of meaning? A. affective B. preservation
C. growth D. cognitive E. self-actualization

Back 36

D. cognitive

Front 37

37. (ch.10) _____ motives deal with the need to reach satisfying feeling states and to obtain personal goals.
A. Cognitive B. Affective C. Preservation-oriented D. Advancement-oriented E. Safety-oriented

Back 37

B. Affective

Front 38

38. (ch.10) ____ motives emphasize the individual as striving to maintain equilibrium. A. Cognitive
B. Affective C. Preservation-oriented D. Growth E. Leveling

Back 38

C. Preservation-oriented

Front 39

39. (ch.10) Which set of motives deals with our need to determine who or what causes the things that happen to us? A. need for consistency B. need for attribution
C. need to categorize D. need for objectification E. need for autonomy

Back 39

B. need for attribution

Front 40

40. (ch.10) A consumer's tendency to initially react to a new product as though it were the same as similar existing products is most likely to be based on a need _____. A. for modeling B. for assertion
C. for consistency D. to categorize E. none of the above

Back 40

D. to categorize

Front 41

41. (ch.10) A substantial amount of brand switching when the current brand is satisfactory may be explained by the _____ motive. A. expression B. reinforcement
C. stimulation D. affiliation E. none of the above

Back 41

C. stimulation

Front 42

42. (ch.10) A consumer who purchases a certain style of clothes to establish and reinforce a unique identity is most likely fulfilling a need for _____. A. ego-defense B. affiliation
C. modeling D. expression E. cues

Back 42

D. expression

Front 43

43. (ch.10) Which need is activated when one's identity is threatened, motivating the person to protect his or her self-concept and utilize defensive behaviors and attitudes? A. need for cognition B. need for expression
C. need for reinforcement D. need for ego defense E. need for identity preservation

Back 43

D. need for ego defense

Front 44

44. (ch.10) A consumer's need for reinforcement is _____. A. active and internal B. active and external C. passive and internal
D. passive and external
E. active and passive

Back 44

D. passive and external

Front 45

45. (ch.10) Consumers who actively complain when a product is not satisfactory are probably
fulfilling _____ need. A. a modeling B. a consistency C. an affiliation
D. an assertion
E. attribution of causality

Back 45

D. an assertion

Front 46

46. (ch.10) Which need results in the consumer playing various roles and gaining pleasure from
adding new, satisfying roles and by increasing the significance of roles already adopted? A. need for stimulation B. need for identification C. need or objectification
D. teleological need
E. need for expression

Back 46

B. need for identification

Front 47

47. (ch.10) Motives that are either unknown to the consumer or are such that he or she is
reluctant to admit them are referred to as _____ motives. A. manifest B. hidden C. secondary
D. latent
E. unacceptable

Back 47

D. latent

Front 48

48. (ch.10) Beyond projective techniques, a popular tool for identifying motives is _____.
A. laddering B. means-end chain C. benefit chain D. latent listing E. a, b, c

Back 48

E. a, b, c

Front 49

49. (ch.10) _____ is an individual's characteristic response tendencies across similar situations. A. Motivation
B. Emotion C. Empathy D. Personality E. Involvement

Back 49

D. Personality

Front 50

50. (ch.10)Which of the following is NOT a core trait in the Five-Factor Model of personality? A. extroversion B. instability C. reliability
D. openness to experience
E. conscientiousness

Back 50

C. reliability

Front 51

51. (ch.10) A set of human characteristics that become associated with a brand is referred to as
_____. A. brand image B. brand equity C. brand leverage D. brand personality E. brand positioning

Back 51

D. brand personality

Front 52

52. (ch.11) A learned predisposition to respond in a consistently favorable or unfavorable manner with respect to a given object is known as a(n) _____. A. belief B. emotion
C. attitude D. cognition E. attribute

Back 52

C. attitude

Front 53

53. (ch.11) Which component of attitudes consists of a consumer's beliefs about an object? A. affective
B. cognitive C. factual D. behavioral E. utilitarian

Back 53

B. cognitive

Front 54

54. (ch.11) Feelings or emotional reactions to an object reflect the _____ component of an attitude.
A. knowledge B. cognitive C. affective D. behavioral E. orientation

Back 54

C. affective

Front 55

55. (ch.11) Nike has several models of athletic shoes, and most have high functionality. However, several models are also sleek looking and can actually make a fashion statement for the wearer as well as performing the functional aspects of the product. By going beyond the cognitive associations of functionality and attempting to tap consumers' affective reactions, Nike and other marketers are developing products with _____.
A. aesthetic appeal B. aspirational appeal C. benefit appeal D. social appeal E. personality appeal

Back 55

A. aesthetic appeal

Front 56

56. (ch.11) Which component of attitude represents one's tendency to respond in a certain manner toward an object or activity? A. cognitive B. affective
C. behavioral D. orientation E. personality

Back 56

C. behavioral

Front 57

57. (ch.11) Madeline has a(n) _____ toward Regular Coke, whereby she simultaneously really likes the taste but also is really negative about the brand because it has high calories. A. relative attitude B. lack of ability
C. ambivalent attitude D. interpersonal influence E. all of the above

Back 57

C. ambivalent attitude

Front 58

58. (ch.11) Attitude components tend to be _____. A. inconsistent
B. consistent C. irregular D. disparate E. none of the above

Back 58

B. consistent

Front 59

59. (ch.11) Which of the following is a strategy for altering the cognitive component of a consumer's attitude? A. change beliefs B. shift importance
C. add beliefs D. change ideal E. all of the above

Back 59

E. all of the above

Front 60

60. ((ch.11) Which of the following is an approach used by marketers to increase consumers' affect toward their brand? A. classical conditioning B. create a positive affect toward the ad or Web site
C. mere exposure D. a and b E. a, b, and c

Back 60

E. a, b, and c

Front 61

61. (ch.11) Which of the following is a common technique for inducing trial behavior? A. coupons
B. free samples C. point-of-purchase displays D. tie-in purchases E. all of the above

Back 61

E. all of the above

Front 62

62. (ch.11) Addison is a brand manager and wants consumers to form attitudes that are strong, resistant to counterpersuasion attempts, more accessible from memory, and more predictive of behavior. Which route of the elaboration likelihood model should he encourage consumers to take?
A. primary route B. secondary route C. central route D. peripheral route E. direct route

Back 62

C. central route

Front 63

63. (ch.11) _____ consists of trustworthiness and expertise. A. A two-sided message B. The two routes to persuasion C. Message appeal
D. Source credibility
E. Message structure

Back 63

D. Source credibility

Front 64

64. (ch.11) In which type of ad does a person, generally a typical member of the target market,
recount his or her successful use of the product, service, or idea? A. single message B. two-sided message C. comparative ad
D. testimonial ad
E. demonstration

Back 64

D. testimonial ad

Front 65

65. (ch.11) Advertisements and packages for Kellogg's Smart Start breakfast cereal include the
seal of the American Heart Association, indicating that it is a hearty-healthy choice. This seal can influence consumers to purchase this brand because the American Heart Association has a reputation of trustworthiness and expertise. The seal appearing on packages and in advertisements represents a _____.
A. third-party endorsement B. testimonial C. two-sided message D. sponsorship
E. message frame

Back 65

A. third-party endorsement

Front 66

66. (ch.11) Appeal characteristics represent _____ a message is communicated.
A. by whom B. when C. where D. how
E. the timing by which

Back 66

D. how

Front 67

67. (ch.11) Which type of appeal attempts to build a personality for the product or create an
image of the product user? A. humorous appeal B. utilitarian appeal C. value-expressive appeal D. hedonic appeal
E. emotional appeal

Back 67

C. value-expressive appeal

Front 68

68. (ch.11) _____ refers to presenting one of two equivalent value outcomes either in positive or gain terms or in negative or loss terms. A. Message sidedness B. Message framing
C. Benefit segmentation D. Positive/negative message E. Priming

Back 68

B. Message framing

Front 69

69. (ch.12) The totality of the individual's thoughts and feelings having reference to himself or herself as an object is known as _____. A. self-concept B. lifestyle
C. self-profile D. personal space E. ideal-self

Back 69

A. self-concept

Front 70

70. (ch.12) Which dimension of self-concept refers to the individual's perception of who I am now?
A. actual self-concept B. ideal self-concept C. private self-concept D. social self-concept E. present self-concept

Back 70

A. actual self-concept

Front 71

71. (ch.12) Which dimension of self-concept refers to the individual's perception of who I would like to be? A. actual self-concept B. ideal self-concept
C. private self-concept D. social self-concept E. future self-concept

Back 71

B. ideal self-concept

Front 72

72. (ch.12) One of the major distinctions of self-concept is between _____ and _____ - which is also related to an important value dimension in the U.S. and abroad. A. private self-concept; public self-concept B. personal self-concept; interpersonal self-concept
C. actual self-concept; ideal self-concept D. independent self-concept; interdependent self-concept E. present self-concept; future self-concept

Back 72

D. independent self-concept; interdependent self-concept

Front 73

73. (ch.12) Which type of self-concept emphasizes personal goals, characteristics, achievements, and desires? A. primary self-concept B. individual self-concept
C. interdependent self-concept D. independent self-concept E. connected self-concept

Back 73

D. independent self-concept

Front 74

74. (ch.12) The extended self consists of the self plus _____. A. all others
B. family members C. friends D. possessions E. the ideal self

Back 74

D. possessions

Front 75

75. (ch.12) An experience that surpasses the usual level of intensity, meaningfulness, and richness and produces feelings of joy and self-fulfillment is known as a(n) _____. A. peak experience B. defining moment
C. ultimate experience D. ideal experience E. intense experience

Back 75

A. peak experience

Front 76

76. (ch.12) The tendency of an owner to evaluate an object more favorably than a non-owner is called the _____. A. personal bias effect B. personal relevance effect
C. mere ownership effect D. possessive effect E. mere exposure effect

Back 76

C. mere ownership effect

Front 77

77. (ch.12) _____ is how a person lives. A. Personality
B. Self-concept C. Lifestyle D. Subculture E. Consumption

Back 77

C. Lifestyle

Front 78

78. (ch.12) Attempts to develop quantitative measures of lifestyle were initially referred to as _____, and is a term that is frequently used interchangeably with lifestyle. A. demographics B. lifeographics
C. household life cycle D. psychographics E. personality

Back 78

D. psychographics

Front 79

79. (ch.12) Which of the following is typically included in a psychographic or lifestyle study? A. attitudes
B. values C. activities and interests D. demographics E. all of the above

Back 79

E. all of the above

Front 80

80. (ch.12) What are the two dimensions of the VALS typology of consumers? A. age and gender B. age and stage of family life cycle C. stage of family life cycle and resources
D. primary motivation and resources E. primary motivation and age

Back 80

D. primary motivation and resources

Front 81

81. (ch.12) Which of the following is a VALS segment of consumers? A. Traditionalists B. Minimalists C. Blue Blood Estates
D. Believers
E. Enthusiasts

Back 81

D. Believers

Front 82

82. (ch.12) What is the premise underlying geo-demographic analyses?
A. Age is the primary factor influencing lifestyle. B. Lifestyle, and thus consumption, is largely driven by demographic factors. C. Lifestyle, and thus consumption, is largely driven by education. D. Lifestyle cannot be measured, that is why geographic and demographic variables are analyzed. E. Lifestyle, and thus consumption, is based on primary motivations and resources.

Back 82

B. Lifestyle, and thus consumption, is largely driven by demographic factors.

Front 83

83. (ch.12) How many PRIZM segments are there? A. 8
B. 10 C. 38 D. 54 E. 66

Back 83

E. 66

Front 84

84. (ch.13) All those factors particular to a time and place that do not follow from knowledge of the stable attributes of the consumer and the stimulus and that have an effect on current behavior are known as _____. A. situational influence
B. motivators C. consumption triggers D. consumption influencers E. motivational influence

Back 84

A. situational influence

Front 85

85. (ch.13) Which of the following is a situation in which consumer behavior occurs? A. communications situation B. purchase situation C. usage situation
D. disposition situation
E. all of the above

Back 85

E. all of the above

Front 86

86. (ch.13) Which of the following is a situation characteristic?
A. product B. package C. temporal perspective D. demographics E. social class

Back 86

C. temporal perspective

Front 87

87. (ch.13) The situation in which consumers receive information has an impact on their behavior and is referred to as the _____ situation. A. communications B. purchase
C. usage D. disposition E. preliminary

Back 87

A. communications

Front 88

88. (ch.13) When orange juice attempted to expand the various times of day when consumers would see orange juice as an appropriate beverage to consume, they were trying to influence which situation? A. communication
B. usage C. purchase D. disposition E. all of the above

Back 88

B. usage

Front 89

D. disposition situation E. task situation

Back 89

D. disposition situation

Front 90

90. (ch.13) Decor, sounds, aromas, lighting, weather, and configurations of merchandise or other materials surrounding the stimulus object are included in which situational characteristic? A. physical surroundings
B. social surroundings C. temporal perspectives D. task definition E. antecedent states

Back 90

A. physical surroundings

Front 91

91. (ch.13) The sum of all the physical features of a retail environment is referred to as the _____.
A. store situation B. retail ambiance C. retail surroundings D. store atmosphere E. merchandising mix

Back 91

D. store atmosphere

Front 92

92. (ch.13) _____ is the process managers use to manipulate the physical retail environment to create specific mood responses in shoppers. A. Servicescape B. Psychographics
C. Atmospherics D. Environmentalism E. Landscaping

Back 92

C. Atmospherics

Front 93

93. (ch.13) Atmosphere is referred to as _____ when describing a service business such as a hospital, bank, or restaurant. A. landscape B. servicescape
C. ambiance D. environment E. servqual

Back 93

B. servicescape

Front 94

94. (ch.13) The other individuals present in the particular situation are referred to as the _____. A. servicescape B. social surroundings C. physical surroundings
D. store atmosphere
E. temporal perspective

Back 94

B. social surroundings

Front 95

95. (ch.13) Which situational characteristic deals with the effect of time on consumer
behavior? A. physical surroundings B. social surroundings C. temporal perspective D. task definition E. antecedent states

Back 95

C. temporal perspective

Front 96

96. (ch.13) The reason the consumption activity is occurring is the situation characteristic of _____.
A. physical surroundings B. social surroundings C. temporal perspective D. task definition
E. antecedent states

Back 96

D. task definition

Front 97

97. (ch.13) Features of the individual person that are not lasting characteristics, such as
momentary moods or conditions, are called _____. A. personality B. antecedent states C. context effects
D. task definition
E. self-concept

Back 97

B. antecedent states

Front 98

98. (ch.13) Transient feeling states that are generally not tied to a specific event or object are
known as _____. A. noncontextual effects B. traits C. temporal effects D. social surroundings E. moods

Back 98

E. moods

Front 99

99. (ch.13) Clark and his family normally live paycheck to paycheck. However, this month, they found themselves with a little extra money, so they decided to go out to a nice restaurant and to a movie. This is an example of the antecedent state of _____. A. positive mood
B. good luck C. momentary conditions D. optimism E. hedonism

Back 99

C. momentary conditions

Front 100

100. (ch.13) A socially defined occasion that triggers a set of interrelated behaviors that occur in a structured format and that have symbolic meaning is referred to as a _____. A. ritual situation B. momentary condition
C. prescriptive D. schema E. holiday

Back 100

A. ritual situation

Front 101

1. What are five main learning theories?

Back 101

Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning, Iconic Rote Learning, Vicarious Learning/Modeling, Analytical Reasoning

Front 102

2. What is stimulus discrimination and generalization?

Back 102

Stimulus discrimination: process of learning to respond differently to similar but distinct stimuli. Stimulus generalization: a response to one stimulus is elicited by a similar but distinct stimulus

Front 103

3. What is advertising wearout?

Back 103

too much repetition, causing consumers to shut out the message, evaluate it negatively, or disregard it

Front 104

4. What are the four premises of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Back 104

1. All humans acquire a similar set of motives through genetic endowment and social interation.
2. Some motives are more basic or critical than others.
3. The more basic motives must be satisfied to a minimum level before other motives are activated.
4. As the basic motives become satisfied, more advanced motives come into play.

Front 105

5. What are three categories of coping strategies in response to negative emotions?

Back 105

active coping: thinking of ways to solve the problem, avoiding rash behavior, making the best of the situation.
expressive support seeking: venting emotions and seeking emotional and problem-focused assistance from others.
Avoidance. Avoiding the retailer mentally or physically or engaging in self-denial of the event

Front 106

6. What are the components of attitude and their manifestations?

Back 106

affective: emotions or feelings about specific attributes or overall object
cognitive: beliefs about specific attributes or overall object
behavioral: behavioral intentions with respect to specific attributes or overall object

Front 107

7. What is PRIZM?

Back 107

a system of geo-demographic analysis that examines demographic and consumption data down to the individual household. 66 lifestyle segments organized around social groupings and life stage

Front 108

8. What are the elements of physical surroundings that influence consumption behavior?

Back 108

decor, sounds, aromas, lighting, weather, configuration of merchandise...