C&b 4 - Disease Influence On Respiratory Function

Front 1

Lung function tests

Back 1

- indicates whether respiratory function is compromised in disease

Front 2

Spirometry

Back 2

Measurement of lung volumes

Front 3

Peak flow meter/ Pneumatochograph

Back 3

Measurement of PEFR

Front 4

PEFR

Back 4

Peak Expiratory Flow Rate - fastest rate that air can be expired

Front 5

FEV1

Back 5

Forced expiratory volume in 1 second

Front 6

FVC

Back 6

Forced Vital Capacity - Vital capacity where you blow out as fast as possible

Front 7

VC

Back 7

Vital capacity - how much air you can exhale after a max inhalation

Front 8

Obstructive disorders are...

Back 8

increases in airway resistance reducing flow rate of air (usually narrowing of airway radius)

Front 9

Restrictive disorders are...

Back 9

decreases in total lung capacity

intrinsic vs extrinsic

Front 10

Choose: Intrinsic restrictive, Extrinsic restrictive, Obstructive.

COPD and Asthma

Back 10

Obstructive

Front 11

Choose: Intrinsic restrictive, Extrinsic restrictive, Obstructive.

lung fibrosis

Back 11

intrinsic restrictive

Front 12

Choose: Intrinsic restrictive, Extrinsic restrictive, Obstructive.

respiratory muscle weaknesses

Back 12

extrinsic restrictive

Front 13

Obstructive disorders affect FEV1 and FVC how?

Back 13

FEV1 - drastically reduced

FVC - constant

Front 14

Restrictive disorders affect FEV1 and FVC how?

Back 14

FEV1 - slightly reduced

FVC - drastically reduced

Front 15

Whats Expiratory flow limitation

Back 15

- flow limit during forced expiration due to dynamic compression of airway doing so

Front 16

How is flow rate affected in Obstructive disorders?

Back 16

reduced flow rate

Front 17

How is flow rate affected in restrictive disorders?

Back 17

higher or equal flow rate

due to lungs contracting quicker since reduced compliance

Front 18

Asthma

Back 18

acute reversible airflow obstruction

smooth muscle contraction

mucus production

Front 19

Emphysema

Back 19

loss of alveolar septae

loss of lung parenchyma

increased lung compliance - (dynamic compression and hyperinflation)

reduced SA for gas exchange

Front 20

COPD

Back 20

preventable chronic irreversible

progressive airflow limitation

variety of resp. disease (linked to smoking)

Front 21

Chronic bronchitis

Back 21

inflammation of bronchioles

Front 22

Untreated COPD results in Pink Puffer pathway

Back 22

- body uses lots energy just to maintain normal O2 levels breathing harder and faster

- usually very flushed and thin patient

Front 23

Untreated COPD results in Blue Bloater pathway

Back 23

- respiratory fatigue - brain gives up

- CNS resets and the drive to ventilate decr

- Hypoxia + Hypercapnia

- Cyanotic looking patient

Front 24

Dyspnoea

Back 24

shortness of breath/difficulty breathing

Front 25

Pulmonary fibrosis

Back 25

- formation of excessive fibrous collagenous tissue in lungs

- Result of damage/scarring in lungs

- stiffer lungs - decreased lung capacity

- less SA for gas exchange

Front 26

Emphysema 

Back 26

excess physiological deadspace

Front 27

Pulmonary embolism

Back 27

reduced perfusion

Front 28

shunts

Back 28

reduced ventilation

Front 29

Pneumonia

Back 29

reduced ventilation due to to mucus buildup in alveoli

Front 30

Respiratory failure

Type 1

vs 

Type 2

Back 30

Type 1- Hypoxia

 

Type 2- Hypoxia coupled with hypercapnia