C&b 005 Introduction To The Nervous System

Front 1

What are the main amino acid neurotransmitters? (3)

Back 1

Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)

Glutamine (Glu)

Glycine (Gly

Front 2

What are the main amine neurotransmitters? (5)

Back 2

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Dopamine (DA)

Noradrenaline (NA)

Histamine

Serotonin (5=H%)

Front 3

What are the main peptide neurotransmitters? (9)

Back 3

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Dynorphin

Enkephalins (Enk)

N-Acetylaspartylglutamate

Neuropeptide Y

Somatostatin

Substance P

Thyrotropin releasing hormone

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)

Front 4

What are the two components of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Back 4

Brain
Spinal Chord

Front 5

What are the main components of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Back 5

Somatic division
- 12 pairs of cranial nerves
- 31 pairs of spinal nerves

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Enteric Nervous System

Front 6

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there in the somatic division of the PNS?

Back 6

12

Front 7

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there in the somatic division of the PNS?

Back 7

31

Front 8

In the CNS myelinated tissue is white/grey matter.

Back 8

White matter

Front 9

In the CNS non-myelinated tissue is white/grey matter.

Back 9

Grey matter

Front 10

In the CNS, myelin is formed by what kind of cell?

Back 10

Oligodendrocytes

Front 11

What is an oligodendrocyte?

Back 11

A type of cell that forms myelin in the CNS

Front 12

In the PNS, myelin is formed by what kind of cell?

Back 12

Schwann cells

Front 13

Sensory nerves terminate in the CNS/PNS

Back 13

CNS

Front 14

Synapses appear in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) T/F

Back 14

F

Front 15

How are the 31 pairs of spinal nerves divided?

Back 15

8 pairs Cervical
12 pairs Thoracic
5 pairs Lumbar
5 pairs Sacral
1 paired Coccygeal

Front 16

*A*fferent nerves bring information into a centre - so the *a*ffect it in some way

Back 16

*E*fferent nerves take information away from a centre - so they have an *e*ffect

Front 17

Each spinal nerve passes through its ______________ foramen

Back 17

intervertebral

Front 18

The spinal cord is longer than the vertebral column T/F

Back 18

F

Front 19

An area of the skin supplied by nerves from a single spinal root

Back 19

Dermatome

Front 20

Define 'dermatome'

Back 20

An area of the skin supplied by nerves from a single spinal root

Front 21

Which disease causes a 'band like rash' revealing a dermatome?

Back 21

Shingles, caused by herpes zoster virus

Front 22

Associated with thoracic and
lumbar segments

Soma of postganglionic neurons
mostly in sympathetic chain of
ganglia

Some postganglionic neurons in
collateral ganglia

Back 22

Sympathetic division of the ANS

Front 23

They sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions combine to form the _________ nervous system

Back 23

Autonomic

Front 24

Clusters of neuronal cell bodies and their dendrites and are essentially a junction between autonomic nerves originating from the central nervous system and autonomic nerves innervating their target organs in the periphery

Back 24

Autonomic Ganglia

Front 25

What are 'Autonomic Ganglia'?

Back 25

clusters of neuronal cell bodies and their dendrites and are essentially a junction between autonomic nerves originating from the central nervous system and autonomic nerves innervating their target organs in the periphery

Front 26

Axons from parasympathetic
neurons in the brain pass through
cranial nerves III, VII, IX and X.
Axons from parasympathetic
neurons in the sacral region of the
spinal cord pass through S2 – S4
All terminate on neurons in
terminal ganglia

Back 26

Parasympathetic division

Front 27

On which ganglia do neurones of the parasympathetic division of the ANS terminate?

Back 27

The terminal ganglia

Front 28

Intrinsic to the gut

Contains as many neurons as the spinal cord

Co-ordinates peristalsis and digestion

Under control of the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic divisions of ANS

Back 28

Enteric nervous system

Front 29

The enteric nervous system is a subdevision of which other NS?

Back 29

The peripheral nervous system

Front 30

This NS coordinates peristalsis and digestion

Back 30

The enteric nervous system

Front 31

Enzymatic inhibitors

Back 31

Alpha glucosidase inhibitors
Acarbose

Front 32

Which parts of the brain are important in learning and memory?

Back 32

Amygdala and Hippocampus

Front 33

The amygdala and hippocampus are important in...

Back 33

Learning and memory

Front 34

Define 'decussate'

Back 34

Cross or intersect each other to form an X

Front 35

Cross or intersect each other to form an X defines..

Back 35

Decussate

Front 36

Back 36

.

Front 37

What is a dorsal root ganglion?

Back 37

A nodule on a dorsal root that contains cell bodies of neurons in afferent spinal nerves.

Front 38

A nodule on a dorsal root that contains cell bodies of neurons in afferent spinal nerves.

Back 38

Dorsal root ganglion

Front 39

Clusters of neuronal cell bodies and their dendrites and are essentially a junction between autonomic nerves originating from the central nervous system and autonomic nerves innervating their target organs in the periphery.

Back 39

Autonomic ganglion

Front 40

What is an autonomic ganglion?

Back 40

Clusters of neuronal cell bodies and their dendrites and are essentially a junction between autonomic nerves originating from the central nervous system and autonomic nerves innervating their target organs in the periphery.

Front 41

What is a dorsal root?

Back 41

The afferent sensory root of a spinal nerve.

Front 42

The afferent sensory root of a spinal nerve.

Back 42

Dorsal root

Front 43

At the distal end of the dorsal root is the...

Back 43

Dorsal root ganglion, which contains the neuron cell bodies of the nerve fibres conveyed by the root

Front 44

If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve were severed it would lead to numbness in certain areas of the body.

Back 44

.


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Front 45

What sort of axons run through the dorsal root?

Back 45

Sensory spinal nerves

Front 46

What sort of axons run through ventral roots?

Back 46

Motor nerves

Front 47

What is a ventral root?

Back 47

The efferent motor root of a spinal nerve.

Front 48

The efferent motor root of a spinal nerve.

Back 48

Ventral root

Front 49

How is the sympathetic chain connected to the spinal cord?

Back 49

It interacts with the spinal nerves or their ventral rami by way of rami communicantes.

Front 50

What is the rami communicantes?

Back 50

The term used for a nerve which connects two other nerves.

Front 51

The term used for a nerve which connects two other nerves.

Back 51

Rami communicantes

Front 52

Which sort of muscle do somatic motor nerves supply?

Back 52

Voluntary skeletal muscle

Front 53

Voluntary skeletal muscle is supplied by which type of nerve?

Back 53

Somatic motor nerves

Front 54

Autonomic nerves supply which sort of muscle?

Back 54

Smooth muscle

Front 55

Which dermatome coincides with the umbilicus, and what is its importance?

Back 55

T10 (important for early appendicitis pain)

Front 56

Dermatome T10 coincides with the...

Back 56

umbilicus

Front 57

What is a preganglionic parasympathetic motor neurone?

Back 57

One that synapses with the postganglionic parasympathetic neurons that synapses CLOSE TO TARGET ORGANS

Front 58

What is a preganglionic sympathetic neurone?

Back 58

One which usually synapses with their postganglionic sympathetic neurones close to the NEURAXIS