C&b 002 Processes At Membranes

Front 1

Give three examples of channels that form continuous water-filled passages from one side of the cell to another, facilitating transport of hydrophilic solute across cell membranes

Back 1

Potassium channel

CFTR

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

Front 2

Give examples of channels that switch from being open on one side to open another side to facilitate hydrophilic solute across cell membranes (4)

Back 2

Glucose carrier

Calcium ATPase

ETC

ATP synthase

Front 3

Membrane voltage is always measured as inside with respect to outside, or outside with respect to inside?

Back 3

Membrane voltage is ALWAYS measured as inside with respect to outside

Front 4

The resting voltage of a membrane is the voltage it has in a(n) unstimulated/stimulated cell

Back 4

unstimulated

Front 5

What is a depolarisation?

Back 5

A positive going deflection (to change direction) of the plasma membrane voltage

Front 6

H⁺ is pumped from the mitochondrial matrix into the _____________ _____ using the energy released by oxidation of ____

Back 6

Intermembrane space, using the energy released by oxidation of NADH

Front 7

H⁺ is pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space using the energy released by oxidation of NADH. Function: H⁺ runs back into the mitochondrial matrix through ___ ________; the energy released is used to generate ___

Back 7

Through ATP synthase; the energy released is used to generate ATP

Front 8

In cells whose plasma membrane is permeable only to potassium, then the membrane voltage must settle down to be equal to the _________ ___________ _______

Back 8

Must settle down to be equal to the *potassium equilibrium voltage*. If there is a significant permeability to other ions then the voltage will deviate from the potassium equilibrium voltage

Front 9

The basis of the plasma membrane resting voltage is a balance between a concentration force tending to cause potassium ions to leave the cell and a voltage force holding them in T/F

Back 9

T


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Front 10

In a cell, what force tends to cause potassium ions to leave?

Back 10

A concentration force

Front 11

In a cell, what force tends to cause potassium ions to stay in?

Back 11

A voltage force

Front 12

What is an 'Ionotropic cell surface receptor'?

Back 12

An ion channel that opens when an agonist (A substance that initiates a physiological response when combined with a receptor) binds to the extracellular aspect of the protein

Front 13

An ion channel that opens when an agonist (A substance that initiates a physiological response when combined with a receptor) binds to the extracellular aspect of the protein

Back 13

'Ionotropic cell surface receptor'

Front 14

A substance that initiates a physiological response when combined with a receptor

Back 14

Agonist

Front 15

Define 'agonist' in physiological terms.

Back 15

A substance that initiates a physiological response when combined with a receptor c.f. Ionotropic cell surface receptor

Front 16

Give an example of an ionotropic cell surface receptor.

Back 16

The 'nicotinic acetylcholine receptor'.

Front 17

When are ionotropic receptors used?

Back 17

When fast intercellular (between cells) transmission is required

Front 18

Which receptors are used when fast, intercellular transmission is required?

Back 18

Ionotropic receptors

Front 19

Give an example of where ionotropic receptors are used?

Back 19

At many synapses

Front 20

These receptors are used at synapses

Back 20

Ionotropic receptors

Front 21

What is a metabotropic cell surface receptor?

Back 21

Receptors that, when an agonist binds to their extracellular aspect, enzymes are activated whose catalytic site faces the cytosol

Front 22

Receptors that, when an agonist binds to their extracellular aspect, enzymes are activated whose catalytic site faces the cytosol

Back 22

Metabotropic cell surface receptor

Front 23

Give four examples of metabotropic cell surface receptors

Back 23

Insulin receptor

EGF receptor (HER2)

Beta-adrenergic receptor

FSH receptor

Front 24

Insulin receptor

EGF receptor (HER2)

Beta-adrenergic receptor

FSH receptor

Are all examples of what type of cell surface receptors?

Back 24

Metabotropic cell surface receptors

Front 25

What is the Nernst equation?

Back 25

An equation that can be used (in conjunction with other information) to determine the equilibrium reduction potential ( measure of the tendency of a chemical species to acquire electrons and thereby be reduced) of a half-cell in an electrochemical cell.

It can also be used to determine the total voltage (electromotive force) for a full electrochemical cell (?At equilibrium).

Front 26

An equation that can be used (in conjunction with other information) to determine the equilibrium reduction potential ( measure of the tendency of a chemical species to acquire electrons and thereby be reduced) of a half-cell in an electrochemical cell. It can also be used to determine the total voltage (electromotive force) for a full electrochemical cell.

Back 26

The Nernst equation

Front 27

What is the 'reduction potential'?

Back 27

A measure of the tendency of a chemical species to acquire electrons and thereby be reduced

Front 28

A measure of the tendency of a chemical species to acquire electrons and thereby be reduced

Back 28

The 'reduction potential'

Front 29

What is the written Nernst equation?

Back 29

Ex = (62/z)log10{[X]out/[X]in}mV

Where z is the
elementary charge on
the ion, e.g. +1 for
potassium, -1 for
chloride, +2 for calcium

Front 30

In the Earnst equation, what does z represent?

Back 30

Where z is the
elementary charge on
the ion, e.g. +1 for
potassium, -1 for
chloride, +2 for calcium

Front 31

Ex = Equilibrium voltage of ion X T/F

Back 31

T

Front 32

At rest, the neuronal plasma membrane is permeable to sodium as well as potassium T/F

Back 32

T

Front 33

For every 50 open potassium channels on a neuronal plasma membrane, how many sodium channels are open?

Back 33

1