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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name 8 psychiatric disorders that involve anxiety
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1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
2. Adjustment d/o with anxiety 3. Panic d/o 4. Social Anxiety/Phobia 5. Specific Phobias 6. Agoraphobia 7. OCD 8. PTSD |
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What are three common comorbid conditions that occur with panic disorder?
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1. Depression
2. Substance abuse 3. Anticipatory anxiety and/or agoraphobia |
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How do specific phobias differ from social phobia?
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Specific phobias only occur in the presence of the feared object, whereas social phobia affects multiple situations and has to do with fear of embarrassment rather than of a specific object
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What percentage of patients with OCD have obsessions related to contamination/dirtiness? What about safety issues? Symmetry/neatness?
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Contamination: 65%
Safety: 20% Symmetry/Neatness: 15% |
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In addition to obsessions and compulsions, what are two core sx of OCD?
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1. Excessive self-doubt
2. Extreme worry about safety of self and others |
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What % of patients with OCD have comorbid major depression?
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about 2/3
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What is the lifetime prevalence of PTSD?
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14-15%
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What are the three major categories of sx of PTSD?
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Reexperiencing
Hyperarousal/hypervigilance Avoidance * may also have transient psychotic sx |
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What are the 3 most common comorbid d/o with PTSD?
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1. Major Depression
2. Substance Abuse/Dependence 3. Panic attacks |
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Name four hormones involved in the fight or flight response
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Cortisol
Thyroxin Adrenaline Noradrenaline |
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What structures are involved in the pathway from stressor to cortisol release?
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Amygdala -->
Hypothalamus --> Pituitary --> Adrenal Cortex --> Cortisol |
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Name three NT systems involved in anxiety
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NE
5-HT GABA |
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What happens to the NE system in anxiety?
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Increased production and release of NE; exacerbated when 5-HT system is underactive
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How is serotonin involved in anxiety?
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serotonin usually regulates NE production in the locus ceruleus, so if there isn't enough serotonin there will be too much NE
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How is GABA involved in anxiety?
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GABA usually inhibits neurons by regulating Cl- channels; in anxiety there is less GABA available
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Which brain structure mediates specific phobias?
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amygdala
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