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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the prevalence of foot lameness in cattle |
- More common in dairy cows than beef - Worse in high rainfall months - Worse first 100days post-calving - 1st calvers very susceptible |
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What % of lameness in cattle occurs in the feet and what % is the front feet and what % is the back? |
80% lameness occurs in the feet: 20% front feet; 80% hind feet |
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List the "big 3" |
1) Mastitis 2) Lameness 3) Infertility |
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What are common causes of foot lameness in cattle? |
- Management: poor cattle handling in lanes and yards - Environment: wet, muddy, abrasive conditions, poor laneway and shed floor design - Conformation: poor leg and hoof conformation predispose cattle to lameness - Nutrition: high cereal grain transitional diets with inadequate roughage - Infectious agents: Arcanobacterium pyogenes |
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What methods of restraint are used in treating foot lameness conditions in cattle? |
Combination of 1) Physical: ropes - v-sling, pulley or casting; facilities - crush 2) Drugs: xylazine @0.04 - 0.08mg/kg 3) Regional anaesthesia |
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List the steps of foot examination in cattle |
1) Lift lame foot and examine the sole and interdigital space (FB, foot rot) 2) Clean foot with water and brush 3) Search out dark/necrotic areas 4) Check for distortion of digit (joint infection) 5) Hoof testers or tap hoof on concrete |
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When should you suspect joint involvement? |
When there is digit enlargement and discharging sinus at coronet |
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What is the common name for interdigital necrobacillosis? |
Foot rot |
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What is foot rot? |
Necrotising inflammation of interdigital skin caused by bacterium |
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What etiological agents are responsible for causing foot rot in cattle? |
- Fusobacterium necrophorum - Porphyromonas levii |
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What are the clinical signs of foot rot? |
- Pyrexia - Acute lameness - Foul smelling discharge from skin - Reduced appetite - Deep sepsis |
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What is treatment of foot rot in cattle? |
- High doses of parenteral antibiotics: penicillin, oxytetracycline, tyrosine, ceftiofur - Paring away necrotic tissue |
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What are control methods for reducing foot rot infections? |
- Improve drainage on farm - Foot baths e.g. formalin |
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What etiological agents are responsible for interdigital dermatitis? |
- Fusobacterium necrophorum - Dichelobacter nodosus |
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What is interdigital dermatitis? |
Exudative dermatitis caused by bacterium |
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What is the clinical sign of interdigital dermatitis? |
Foul smelling film of tissue between toes |
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How is interdigital dermatitis treated? |
Topically Foot baths: 5% formalin or 10% copper sulphate |
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What are common names for digital dermatitis? |
- Strawberry footrot - Hairy heel warts |
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What organisms cause digital dermatitis? |
Same as for interdigital dermatitis (F. necrophorum, D. nodosus) Plus Treponema spp. |
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What clinical signs are associated with digital dermatitis? |
Painful inflammation of border between heel bulbs |
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What animals are interdigital fibromas (skin hyperplasia) common in? |
Beef bulls Breed predisposition in Herefords and Friesians |
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What causes interdigital skin hyperplasia? |
Unknown - is a proliferative reaction of unknown cause |
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What is treatment for interdigital fibroma? |
Dissect out |
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What is pathogenesis of white line disease (WLD)? |
Haemorrhage, fissure, abscess or ulcer in abaxial white line of lateral hind claw - infection tracks along lamella to coronary band; can track towards heel (heel abscess) |
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What is treatment of WLD? |
- Trim the foot to normal shape - Remove segment of hoof wall to expose all necrotic tissue: don't damage the coronet - Apply local antibiotic treatment - Bandage the foot - Apply wooden block or cowslip® to opposite claw - Amputate claw if joints become infected |
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What is associated with sole disease? |
- Bruising - Under-running - Ulceration |
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What is treatment of sole disease? |
- Trim claw - Antibiotics - Cowslip |
