Catos Urinary System Exam 3 Ream

Front 1

The urinary system is located where?

Back 1

Retroperioneal, Kidneys are between T12 and L3

Front 2

The main stroma of kidneys is?

Back 2

Reticular Fibers

Front 3

What keep the kidneys in place?

Back 3

Renal fascia and perirenal fat

Front 4

There are seven main functions of the kidneys. List as many as possible.

Back 4

Regulate bld ionic comp
Regulate bld pH
Regulate bld volume
Maintain bld osmolarity
Regulate bld pressure
Endocrine-like activities
Excreting wastes & foreign substances

Front 5

What are the 5 things/structures found in the sinus of the kidney?

Back 5

Calyxes
Pelvis
Fat
Vasculature
Innervation

Front 6

The two components of a uniferous tubule are:

Back 6

Nephron and Collecting duct

Front 7

The four components of a nephron are:

Back 7

Renal Corpuscle
Proximal Tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal Tubule

Front 8

The two component of the Renal Corpuscle are:

Back 8

Bowman's Capsule
Glomerulus

Front 9

Which component of the nephron is located in the medulla?

Back 9

The loop of henle
It is also relatively straight while the distal and proximal tubules are convoluted and coiled.

Front 10

What is located in the medullary rays?

Back 10

The collecting ducts.

Front 11

What is the drainage path from the collecting ducts to the urinary bladder?

Back 11

Collecting Tubule-> Papillary ducts-> minor-> major calyxes -> pelvis -> ureter
-> uriinary bladder

Front 12

What are the two layers of the bowmans capsule and their importance?

Back 12

Parietal Layer (boundary-simple squamous)
Visceral Layer (podocytes that partially wrap the capillary)

Front 13

What do the parietal and visceral layers of the Bowmans capsule surround?

Back 13

Bowmans Space
Contains "urinary filtrate" or "tubular fluid"

Front 14

What are the two types of nephrons and characteristics of each?

Back 14

Cortical Nephron
-short loop of Henle
-ren corp is in outer pt of cortex
-peritubular capillary is associated
Juxtamedullary Nephron
-Long loop of Henle
-Renal corpuscle is located at the boundary btween cortex and medulla, but is in the cortex
-vasa recta are associated capillaries

Front 15

What is the path of blood flow in the kidneys?

Back 15

Renal artery-Interlobar art-arcuate art-interlobular art

Front 16

Afferent and Efferent, details and explain:

Back 16

Afferent (big) drains into the glomerulus and the efferent (little) drains the glomerulus

Front 17

An efferent arteriole from the cortical nephron supplies the:

Back 17

peritubular capillaries
90% of blood goes through here
peritubular capillaries make erythropoietin

Front 18

An efferent arteriole from the Jxmed nephron supplies the:

Back 18

Vasa recta, the only blood supply to the medulla

Front 19

How much urine is produced each day?
What is the GFR for a woman?
How much filtrate is processed per day?
What percentage of the cardiace output do the kidney's recieve?
Which is larger in diameter, afferent or efferent arteriole?

Back 19

1-2L
105-125ml/min
180L/day
25%
Afferent

Front 20

Blood carried away from the medulla, in vasa recta, is:
Ascending vasa recta are permeable to:

Back 20

isotonic
Salt and water

Front 21

Passive exchange of salt and H2O btwn vasa recta and interstitium?

Back 21

Countercurrent exchange

Front 22

What division of the nervous system innervates renal nerves?

Back 22

Sympathetic ANS

Front 23

What two arteries in the kidneys are end arteries?

Back 23

Arcuate and interlobular

Front 24

Glomerular capillaries:
Filtrations relies the most on?

Back 24

Lie btwn the afferent (big) and efferent (small) arterioles, and thus cause a high filtration pressure.
Hydrostatic pressure (~55mm/Hg)

Front 25

Hydrostatic pressure most significantly causes:

Back 25

Absorption

Front 26

The basal lamina in the glomerulus is a:

Back 26

Fused capillary-podocyte basal lamina.

Front 27

What cells in the nephron act as supporting cells and as macrophages?

Back 27

Mesangial Cells

Front 28

What are the three parts to the filtration barrier in the nephron?

Back 28

1. Endothelium of capillaries (fenestrated)
2. Basal Lamina
3. Pedicels

Front 29

Endothelium of glomerular capillaries is fenestrated.
Size of pores?
Diaphram?
Permeable to:
Impermeable to:
Charge:

Back 29

Size of pores? Large
Diaphram? No
Permeable to: H20, urea, all ions, glucose, small proteins
Impermeable to: Plasma proteins
Charge: Negative due to heparin sulfate, slows down filtration of large anions

Front 30

Basement membrane:

Back 30

Type 3 collagen

Front 31

4 components of the basal lamina...also called the glomerular basement membrane even though it is not a bmem (no type 3 collagen)

Back 31

Type 4 collagen
Fibronectin
Laminin
Glycoprotein Heparin Sulfate

Front 32

Pedicels are interdigitating cell processes of podocytes.
What do they cover?
What are they coated by?
What links adjacent pedicels?

Back 32

What do they cover?
Basal lamina
What are they coated by?
Negatively charged glycoproteins
What links adjacent pedicels?
filtration slit diaphram

Front 33

Proximal Tubule
Epithelial tube that begins:

Back 33

at the urinary pole of the renal corpuscle

Front 34

Proximal Tubule
Simple cuboidal epithelium with tight junctions and:

Back 34

Brush border that increases surface area

Front 35

Proximal Tubule
The GBM is all involved in either brush border of basal infoldings for absorption. What is btwn the basal mem infoldings?

Back 35

Mitochondria

Front 36

Proximal Tubule
Reabsorb 100% of:

Back 36

ammino acids and glucose

Front 37

Proximal Tubule
Filtrate here remains:

Back 37

Isotonic

Front 38

What structure acts as a countercurrent multiplier to establish an osmotic gradient in the interstitial fluid of the medulla

Back 38

The loop of Henle

Front 39

Loop of Henle
Descending Limb
Becomes hypertonic because:

Back 39

H2O flows out and Na flows in

Front 40

Loop of Henle
Ascending Limb
Becomes hypotonic because:

Back 40

Na/K/2Cl all enter the cell from the lumen, but it is not longer permeable to H2O

Front 41

Distal Tubule
Length:
Located here:
Adjusts:
Types of cells:

Back 41

Length: shortere than prox
Located here: Macula Densa
Adjusts: final adjustments
Types of cells: Principal Cells and intercallated cells

Front 42

A disk of tightly packed columnar cells in the distal tubule that monitor salt concentrations and flow rate

Back 42

Macula Densa

Front 43

Removes Na and adds K in the distal tubule:
Adds more Na and adjusts pH:

Back 43

Aldosterone
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

Front 44

Collecting ducts
What types of cells?

Back 44

cuboidal, columnar, Principle cells, intercalated cells

Front 45

Collecting ducts
What is the purpose of intercallated cells?

Back 45

adjust pH of the blood via secretion of H into filtrate

Front 46

Collecting ducts
ADH regulated water channels:

Back 46

Aquaporins

Front 47

Collecting ducts
If osmolarity goes up, ADH will be released and cause:
Therefore, ADH has an effect on:

Back 47

Principle cells to reabsorb more H2O
Blood pressure and volume

Front 48

When do Jxmedullary cells release renin?

Back 48

When arteriol blood flow decreases

Front 49

What two structures cooperate fxally in summating the amount of renin to be released?

Back 49

Lacis cells and JG cells

Front 50

What cells secrete renin? Where?

Back 50

JG cells, mainly in efferent tubules

Front 51

What structure provides tubuloglomerular feedback?

Back 51

Macula Densa

Front 52

What three structures are part of the Jxmed Apparatus?

Back 52

JG cells
Macula Densa
Lacis Cells

Front 53

What is the purpose of Lacis cells?

Back 53

They transmit information from the macula densa via gap junctions.

Front 54

When the macula densa detects increased delivery of Na Cl and H2O what occurs?

Back 54

Inhibition of Nitric oxide

Front 55

What is the pathway of JG release of renin?

Back 55

JG cells release renin
Ang I becomes Ang II which increases BP and stimulates aldosterone in the adrenal cortex which then causes an increase absorption of Na and Cl by the distal tubule.

Front 56

There are folds in the mucosa of the ureter if it is:
The muscularis has 2 layers of smooth muscle:

Back 56

Empty
Inner longi / outer circ

Front 57

How does urine travel through the ureters?
How does the body prevent regurgitation of urine?

Back 57

Via Peristaltic Contractions
Flaps of mucosa over the entrance of the ureters into the base of the urinary bladder.

Front 58

What 3 1/2 structures have transitional epithelium?

Back 58

Pelvis
Calyx
Urinary Bladder
1st part of urethra

Front 59

The muscularis of the urinary bladder is called the:

Back 59

Detrusor muscle

Front 60

The muscularis of the urinary bladder is composed of 3 layers of smooth muscle but the three layers can only be distinguished in the:

Back 60

NECK

Front 61

Which layer of the muscularis of the urinary bladder contains the involuntary internal sphincter of the urethra?

Back 61

The thick circular middle layer!!
(the thin inner and thin outer are both longitudinal)

Front 62

The epithelium in the urinary bladder can stretch when distended to LL

Back 62

stratified squamous
(it is transitional)

Front 63

Special thickening on lumenal surface of contours of urinary bladder for re-enforcement?

Back 63

Plaque

Front 64

How much of the urinary bladder is covered in plaque?

Back 64

75%-closely packed hexagonal subunits
Thick PM-outer dense line is thicker than innner dense line
PM sets up barrier to mvmt of H2O flow

Front 65

What are the three segments of the male urethra, and which one has the voluntary sphincter?

Back 65

Prostatic Portion
**Membranous Portion
Penile Portion

Front 66

Characteristics of the male urethra?

Back 66

Long, carries urine and ejaculate, voluntary external sphincter is in the UG diaphram in the membranous portion.

Front 67

Characteristics of the female urethra?

Back 67

Short, only carries urine, voluntary external sphincter is in the UG diaphram