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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Is cartilage vascular?
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No. Therefore it better have some serious tissue fluid for nutrient diffusion. No lymph either.
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What is the major difference between bone and cartilage matrix?
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Bone is 70% mineralized, cartilage does not normally calcify at all.
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What is the prefix, when you see it, that refers to all things cartilagenous?
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CHONDRO-
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What gives cartilage its capability to withstand force and tear?
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The ground substance, like usual.
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The three types of cartilage and their distinguishing LM characteristics.
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1. Hyaline: no visible fibers.
2. Elastic: elastic fibers 3. Fibrocartilage: dense collagenous fibers. |
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The prototype cartilage.
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Hyaline. Think about it. If hyaline started making elastin, it would become elastic. If it started making collagen, it would become fibrocartilage.
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Common locations of hyaline cartilage.
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Nose, thyroid/tracheal/bronchial, costal, **articular, epiphyseal plate (because of endochondral ossification)
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Common locations of fibrocartilage.
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IV discs, pubic symphysis, meniscus, muscle insertions
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Common locations of elastic cartilage.
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Ear, auditory tube, epiglottis
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What does a chondroblast/cyte do?
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Make the matrix. WHAT DOES EVERY BLAST DO?
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Where does a chondrocyte live? What about its mitotic offspring?
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In the primary lacuna. Each daughter cell gets her own house, secreting the matrix around it. The primary lacuna gets subdivided into secondary lacunae, called an isogenous group (cell nest).
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The dark-staining region around an isogenous group.
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The territorial matrix.
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Name the predominant collagen type in cartilage.
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Type II.
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Hyaline cartilage does make collagen after all. Why can't we see it?
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It doesn't bundle but stays as fibrils.
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What are the major components of cartilage ground substance?
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Chondroitin sulfate, keratan sulfate, chondronectin, hyaluronic acid. The sulfates together+protein=aggrecan sulfate.
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What is the resilience of cartilage matrix dependent on?
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Viscoelasticity and frictional drag.
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What is chondronectin analagous to?
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Fibronectin. Binds the collagen and the matrix to the integrins on the chondro-cell surface.
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The sheath that encloses hyaline cartilage.
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Perichondrium.
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Two layers of the perichondrium.
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The fibrous layer (outer) and the chondrogenic (inner, against cartilage).
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Contents of the fibrous perichondrium.
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Type I collagen, elastic fibers, fibroblasts. This is the only layer to live on in adults.
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Gee, the prefix peri- pops up again and again, so what should it tell you?
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PERI means "around". Pericytes around the capillaries. Pericardium around the heart. Perichondrium around cartilage. Getting a trend here?
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What is special about articular cartilage and the epiphyseal plate?
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They have no perichondrium. The collagen fibrils are preferentially organized and so are the cells.
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Flow chart of cartilage growth
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Mesenchyme ->chondrification centers -> new matrix secretion -> blasts mature into cytes ->cytes make isogenous groups
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Two types of cartilagenous growth.
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Interstitial and Appositional.
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Appositional growth...
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...only occurs in the chrondrogenic layer of the perichondrium.
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Can articular cartilage undergo appositional growth?
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No. It does not have a perichondrium.
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What's the main reason adult cartilage doesn't really grow?
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No vasculature.
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Three hormones that increase the growth rate of cartilage.
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Thyroid hormone, testosterone, IGF-1 growth hormone.
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Three hormones that decrease the growth rate of cartilage.
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Cortisone, Hydrocortisone, 17Beta-Estradiol
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Vitamin A deficiency
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Shrinks epiphyseal plates.
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Overabundance of Vitamin A
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Epiphyseal plates become bone too quickly.
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Vitamin C deficiency
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If you haven't learned this by now, you're in deep trouble. Scurvy, deformed collagen, deformed epiphyseal plates.
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Vitamin D deficiency
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Improper calcification, rickets.
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Appearance of elastic cartilage.
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Yellowish.
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Does elastic cartilage have a perichondrium?
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Yes.
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Does elastic cartilage calcify?
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Technically no cartilage does, but elastic REALLY never does.
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What's so special about fibrocartilage's origins?
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Dense regular connective tissue literally morphs into fibrocartilage as the fibroblasts change into chondrocytes.
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What collagen is in fibrocartilage?
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Type I in parallel rows.
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Does fibrocartilage have a perichondrium?
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No.
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