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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Is yellow marrow hematopoetic?
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No.
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Name the three major structural characteristics of red marrow.
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Stroma, venous sinusoids, islands of hematopoetic cells
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Flow chart of red marrow vasculature, beginning in an external artery headed in.
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Nutrient artery (through nutrient foramina) -> central longitudinal artery -> radial arteries -> sinusoids
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What is the predominant extracellular surface cell on sinusoids?
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Adventitial reticular cells
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What prevents the sinusoids from collapse?
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The veins are smaller than the arteries, creating high hydrostatic pressure.
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How do blood cells get into the sinusoidal lumen?
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Through migration pores in the endothelial cells.
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Name the four components of bone marrow stroma.
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Macrophages, reticular cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells.
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Under the LM, lipid-filled cells are visible in the marrow. What are they?
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Fat-filled reticular cells.
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What adhesive glycoproteins do reticular cells make?
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Fibro and hemonectin, laminin
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What is the hematopoetic compartment?
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Cord of maturing blood cells that surround the sinusoids.
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Which color of cells develop closest to the sinusoids?
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Red.
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What cell lives in the sinusoidal wall? Why?
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Megakaryocyte. So it can release its platelets directly into the lumen.
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The three prenatal hematopoetic sites, from earliest to last, and the characteristic blood cells of each.
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Yolk-sac @ 2 weeks postconcept: nucleated RBCS and no lymphs. Hepatosplenic @ 6 weeks: nucleated more mature RBCs, some leukocytes. Bone marrow @ 5 mos: mature cell line.
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Characteristics of a stem cell.
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self-renewing and ultimately differential.
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Characteristics of a progenitor
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Committed to a single cell lineage, as in colony-forming units, differential, no visible difference to stem cells.
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What is a precursor cell?
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Every cell of a given line that is morphologically different from another.
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The eosinophil progenitor.
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CFU-Eo
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The basophil progenitor.
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CFU-Bas
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The highest progenitor for neutrophils and monocytes.
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CFU-GM
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The macrophage precursor.
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Monocyte.
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The megakaryocyte progenitor
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CFU-Meg
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The two-step erythrocyte progenitor.
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BFU-E to CFU-E
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The lymphocyte progenitor
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CFU-L
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What is the lymphocyte stem cell line typically callled?
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The lymphoid lineage
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What is the stem cell line of everybody EXCEPT B and T cells?
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The myeloid lineage
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The eosin/baso/neutrophil precursor. What happens next?
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Myeloblast. The myeloblast becomes a promyelocyte, that then differentiates into the three granulocyte lines.
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The first erythrocyte precursor?
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Proerythroblast.
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Generalize the size difference between mature and immature blood cells.
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Immature are the largest, they decrease in size during maturation.
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The nuclear characteristics of mature granulocytes?
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Multilobed nucleii
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What is the differentiation product of erythrocytes?
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Hemoglobin.
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What are the two cytoplasmic differentiation products of granulocytes?
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Azurophilic (primary) granules and specific (secondary) granules.
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What will happen if progenitors do not receive CSFs?
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They will kill themselves via apoptosis. APOPTOSIS IS THE DEFAULT CELL FATE.
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Characteristics of a proerthythroblast
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Round central nucleus, basophilic cytoplasm, no granules.
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Characteristics of a polychromatic erythroblast
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Checkerboard nucleus.
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Characteristics of a basophilic erythroblast
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Dense nucleus, very basophilic cytoplasm
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Characteristic of an orthochromatophilic erythroblast
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Small, pyknotic, almost extruded nucleus.
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Characteristic of a reticulocyte
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No nucleus, no biconcavity.
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How long do RBCs circulate for?
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120 days
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Charcteristics of a promyelocyte?
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Wine-colored (azurophilic) granules in cytoplasm.
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Characteristics of a myelocyte
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A nucleus with a slightly flattened side nearest the center of the cell. Secondary granules
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Characteristic of a metamyelocyte
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Kidney bean nucleus
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Band cell
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U-shaped NON-membraneous nucleus
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Mature granulocyte
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Segmented nucleus
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The 4 proteins contained in an azurophilic granule?
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Lysozyme, acid hydroxylase, myeloperoxidase, defensins
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The 2 proteins contained in a specific granule?
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Lactoferrin, lysozyme
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What is the primary function of a neutrophil?
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Phagocytose opsonized bacteria, limit inflammation
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What is the primary enzyme in an eosinophil?
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Histaminase
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What is the primary function of an eosinophil?
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Phagocytose antigen-antibody complexes, triggers asthma
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What is the primary function of a basophil?
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Release histamine and chemotactically propogate immune response?
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Naughty Little Monkeys Eat Bananas
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60-30-6-3-1. Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils
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Where do T-cells mature?
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The thymus
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