Catos Digestive System - Ii

Front 1

3 parts of the large intestine

Back 1

cecum, colon, rectum.

Front 2

Function of the large intesting

Back 2

To convert undigestable material into feces by removing water, adding mucus

Front 3

Crypts of Leiberkuhn in the large intestine

Back 3

No Paneth cells

Front 4

Folds in the large intestine

Back 4

plicae semilunares

Front 5

3 muscular strips of the large intestine, and their result

Back 5

taeniae coli, haustra coli

Front 6

Covering of intraperitoneal colon. Retroperitoneal?

Back 6

Serosa, adventitia. This should be common sense.

Front 7

Contents of the appendix

Back 7

Usually a ton of lymphocytes

Front 8

3 epi of the anal mucosa

Back 8

Simple columnar to pectinate line, strat squam nonk after pectinate line, strat squam k at anus.

Front 9

Are there valves in the venous hemorrhoidal plexus?

Back 9

No

Front 10

Internal anal sphincter. External anal sphincter.

Back 10

Smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle.

Front 11

The histology of the exocrine pancreas

Back 11

serous, compound tubuloacinar endoderm.

Front 12

Organization of the exocrine pancreas

Back 12

acinus made of 50-pyramidal acinar cells, containing zymogen granules, released via exocytosis or intercellular secretory canaliculi.

Front 13

Are there myoepi in the pancreas?

Back 13

No

Front 14

The 8 enzyme products of the pancreas exocrine gland

Back 14

trypsinogen, cymotrypsinogen, procarboxypeptidase, proelastase, pancreatic amylase and lipase, deoxy and ribonuclease.

Front 15

How does the pancrease prevent self-digestion?

Back 15

trypsin inhibitor

Front 16

**How are the pancreatic acini definitely determined?

Back 16

The presence of three or four centroacinar cells in the lumen.

Front 17

Are there striated ducts in the pancreas?

Back 17

No

Front 18

Ampulla of Vater

Back 18

Common bile duct from liver/gallbladder meets the pancreatic duct into the duodenum

Front 19

How is exocrine pancreatic release initiated? (2)

Back 19

1. DNES when chyme enters mucosa
2. Vagus nerve

Front 20

Two enzymes that initiate exocrine pancreatic release

Back 20

Secretin and CCK

Front 21

What one cell in the liver controls exo/endo secretion and bile?

Back 21

Hepatocyte

Front 22

Does the liver have a capsule?

Back 22

Yes, but it's not a good capsule

Front 23

What kind of stroma surrounds the hepatic parenchyma?

Back 23

Reticular fibers

Front 24

The three things that enter the porta hepatis? The three things that leave?

Back 24

1. Hepatic portal vein
2. Hepatic artery proper
3. Autonomic Nerves

1. Right and 2. Left Hepatic duct
2. Efferent lymphatics

Front 25

**What 5 things are in the portal areas of interlobular septa?

Back 25

*1. Terminal portal venule
*2. Terminal hepatic arteriole
*3. Bile ductule
4. Lymphatic capillaries
5. Nerves

Front 26

Wall of hepatocytes surrounding portal area?

Back 26

Limiting plate

Front 27

What is the periportal tissue of Mall?

Back 27

The space between the CT and the limiting plate.

Front 28

The central vein

Back 28

Runs down the center of a lobule, valveless

Front 29

The sinusoid

Back 29

Carries all absorbed materials from intestine through liver portal system to the central vein. Runs between hepatocyte cords.

Front 30

Blood flow through the liver

Back 30

Periphery of lobules venule (inlet venule) arteriole (capillary) -> sinusoids -> central vein -> hepatic vein -> IVC

Front 31

Cellular contents of sinusoids

Back 31

Endothelial cells, macrophage

Front 32

2 characteristics of sinusoidal endothelial

Back 32

1. Fenestrated
2. Pores but no diaphragms
FREE FLOW

Front 33

Name of fixed macrophages in the liver

Back 33

Kupffer cells

Front 34

Space between cords of hepatocytes and sinusoids

Back 34

Perisinusoidal space of Disse

Front 35

5 contents of perisinusoidal space

Back 35

*1. Tissue fluid - gives rise to all liver lymph
2. Nerve fibers
3. Fibroblasts
4. Reticular fibers
*5. Hepatic stellate cells - storage and metabolism of Vitamin A

Front 36

Pathology of Cirrhosis

Back 36

1. Cytokines from everyone else induce Stellate cells to change to collage producing cells
2. Make collagen, laminin, proteoglycans, and growth factors
3. Increased fibrous liver
4. Eventually hepatic stellate cells become myofibroblasts, occluding sinusoidal lumen

Front 37

Exocrine product of liver

Back 37

Bile

Front 38

Where is bile released?

Back 38

Into the bile canaliculus ONLY

Front 39

Which way does bile flow?

Back 39

From the center of the lobules toward peripheral portal area, through preductile canal of Hering, into bile ductule

Front 40

5 KNOW Functions of the Hepatocytes

Back 40

*1. Secrete Bile
*5. Protein catabolism
*6. Carbohydrate metabolism
*7. Lipid metabolism
*9. Detoxify drugs and alcohol

Front 41

Role of hepatocytes in protein catabolism?

Back 41

Deaminate amino acids for conversion to urea

Front 42

Particular lipid product of liver hepatocytes

Back 42

VLDLs

Front 43

Detoxification of liver hepatocytes?

Back 43

Alcohol, drugs-antibiotics into bile.

Front 44

The idea of the liver acinus

Back 44

A diamond shape, long axis point s are central veins, short axis are two portal areas. Zones begin at intersection of axes and radiate towards long points, numbered 1, 2, 3. Zone 1 has high oxy and metabolism, Zone 3 has low oxy and wastes.

Front 45

Where does detox take place in the liver acinus model?

Back 45

Zone 3

Front 46

Lining epi of gallblader?

Back 46

Simple columnar

Front 47

Role of the mucosa of the gall bladder?

Back 47

Reabsorb water and ions from bile to concentrate it.

Front 48

3 components of the common hepatic duct?

Back 48

Right and left hepatic ducts, cystic duct from gallbladder

Front 49

What is the sphincter of Oddi?

Back 49

A muscle body responsible for the opening of the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct

Front 50

Factors causing an increase in bile production?

Back 50

Continued digestion/absorption, parasympathetic stimulation

Front 51

Hormonal and neurotransmitter stimulation of gallbladder contraction

Back 51

CCK, Acetylcholine.