Catherine Ii And Peter Ii

Front 1

1. When did Peter die?
   
2. Why did Catherine II not have a great base?
3. Who died in 1718
4. Why was this fine at the time
5. What was the problem
6. What did this force Peter to do?

Back 1

1. January 1725
2. The William Mons execution, took away powers from Catherine and her ability to create patronage networks around her
3. Tsarevich Alexei
4. Petr Petrovich, young son from Catherine was named as heir.
5. He died within a year
6. Change the rule of succession, to a personal decision from the existing Tsar.

Front 2

1. What was created in 1726
2. Who reflected on the huge problem left by Peter?
3. What did he bemoan
4. But why did Peter do this?

Back 2

1. Supreme Privy Council (replacing Senate in effect)
   
2. Prince Schcherbatov.
3. The lack of a fundamental law (that is the law of succession)
4. Upon the death of Petr Petrovich, it would now be the young son of Tsarevich Alexei who would be next in line (Grand Duke Petr Alekseevich

Front 3

1. What caused the downfall of the senate?
2. What powers were taken away
3. Where these a continuation of Petrine reform?

Back 3

1. Conflict between Alexander Menshikov and the senate, led to the creation of the Supreme Privy Council

   
   

   2. 3 chief collegia now answered to the Council, War, Admiralty, Foreign Affairs. Also, Collegium of state revenues, expenditure, accounting and Chancellery for tax brought together and now headed by Council

   
   

   3. Centralisation and concentration of power, in harmony with the spirit of Petrine reform.

Front 4

1. Peter's attempt to regulate private lives in 1718
2. How did Peter marry Anna to?
3. Catherine to?
4. These were the daughters of?

Back 4

1. Issued a decree for rules as a public assembly, prescribed in details appropriate behaviour and fined for their violation. Attempt to westernise culture.
2. Duke of Courland
3. Duke of Mecklenburg
4. Ivan V

Front 5

1. What have the period after Peter been categorised as?
   
2. Why is this a bit too strong?
3. What still opened later in 1725?

Back 5

1. Stagnation, if not counter-reform
2. Is this verdict a bit too categorical?
3. Petersburg Academy of Sciences

Front 6

1. What was a serious grievance of the nobility?

   
   

   2. What did Catherine do just a month into her reign?

   
   

   3. Who was this headed by?

   
   

   4. What position did he hold?

Back 6

1. War had increased taxation, fell on the peasantry, increased flight. Nobles man source of income. Demanded change.
2. Reduced soul tax
3. Pavel Iaguzhinskii
4. Procurator-General of the Senate

Front 7

1. What happened in the Spring of 1727?
2. Why was it reversed in 1728?
3. What was the new tax study body?
4. Who was this headed by?
5. Why is this significant?

Back 7

1. Army withdrawn, tax collection duties transferred to landlords and local governments
2. The tax results were low, peasant flight and tax arrears were still the same
3. Commission on Taxation
4. Dmitrii Golitsyn
5. Member of the old aristocracy of Peter

Front 8

1. Menshikov and Peter II

Back 8

1. Managed to get Catherine to sign before her death, that Peter II should succeed, he would marry Menshikov daughter and the supreme council would rule as regent.

Front 9

1. What did Menshikov do to ensure his place at Peter II's side?
2. Why did this fail?
3. Who opposed him?
4. What happened to Menshikov?

Back 9

1. Moved Peter into his palace, prepared his marriage to his daughter Maria
2. Menshikov fell ill
3. Friedrich Ostremann, a Westphalian, and the Dolgorukiis.
4. Exiled, eventually to Siberia where he died in 1729. Village of Berezovo.

Front 10

1. Peter II, moved to where? Why?
2. When did he die?
3. What of?

Back 10

1. 1728, moved the court back to Moscow, loved the Moscow forests for hunting, could provide what the swamps of St P could not.
2. January 1730
3. Small pox.

Front 11

1. What is Peter's reign determined as?
   
2. Why is this the case?
3. But why is this wrong?
4. What was the main problem faced by Peter?
5. What was done to try and remedy it?

Back 11

1. A deliberate diversion from Petrine reform
   
2. Moving the court and the government back to Moscow.
3. Probably wasn't intentional political stance, just for the hunt.
4. Financial issues, shortage of money and tax
5. Commission of Trade set up in 1727, led by Ostermann.

Front 12

1. What did the commission do?
2. What were they designed to be?
3. What did they discuss but not carry out?

Back 12

1. Re-opened Archangel, established free trade in a number of economic activities and eliminated some protective tariffs.

   
   

   2. A shot in the arm for the treasury

   
   

   3. An abolishment of all internal tariffs

Front 13

1. What did Peter II abolish at a local level?
2. What was resurrected?
3. What was hierarchal about this?
4. What Peter carry out?
5. What was forgiven, and not charged?
6. What did this potentially amount to?

Back 13

1. Magistracies and Urban Magistracies
2. The Uezd (district form of admin)
3. Had a strict line of deference, district commanders; provincial commanders; governors.
4. A partial amelioration of the police regime?
5. Arrears in soul tax, and recruitment levies.
6. A stabilisation of the regime

Front 14

1. How many children did Peter have when he died?
   
2. Who was the Dolgorukiis interest?
3. Why was Tsarevna Elizabeth passed over?
4. What was the problem with Karl Peter Ulrich?

Back 14

1. 0
2. Princess Ekaterina Dolgorukaia; the sister if Ivan Dolgorukii. Married to Peter II in December 1729.
3. Peter's second daughter, frivolous, ambitious, lacking in self-control, who could a faction back her when they did not know what her actions would be as Tsar.
4. Peter's eldest daughter Anna, with Duke of Holstein, gave birth to Karl Peter Ulrich in 1728, but Anna had died, so it would have been an invitation to the Duke to come to Russia. No one wanted that.

Front 15

1. Who did Dmitrii Golitsyn want?
   
2. Who was she the widow of?
3. What relation to Peter I
4. What did he seek to impose on Anna?
5. When had she been widowed since?

Back 15

1. Anna Ivanovna.
2. Duke of Courland
3. His niece, a senior member of the Romanov family.
4. Set of Konditsii (Conditions)
5. 1711, a year after her marriage

Front 16

1. What did they limit her on?
2. Who did the SPC compose of then?
3. How big was the SPC to be under Konditsii.
4. What were the hypothetical consequences of them?

Back 16

1. making war, new taxes, promoting to office on the top 4 rungs of ToR, deprive nobles of property without trials, distribute either alluvial or service estates.
2. Ostermann, 2 x Dolgorukiis, Golitsyn
3. 8
4. Substantial alterations in the whole fabric of social relations, might have facilitated the creation of fully fledged estates

Front 17

1. Conditions sent to Anna where?
   
2. What did she do?
3. What was the reaction of families outside of the Privy Council?
4. Why was the reaction made even greater?
5. What did Artemii Petrovich, governor of Kazan say about it at the time?

Back 17

1. Mitau
2. Signed them immediately
3. Outrage, these small group of nobles had painted themselves as pretenders to the Tsarist rank.
4. Loads of nobles gathered in Moscow for Peter II's proposed wedding.
5. God preserve us from the fate of having ten despotic and powerful families instead of one autocratic sovereign

Front 18

1. What did Anna do?
2. What did the guards do?
3. What is it indicative of?

Back 18

1. Tore up the Konditsii
2. Backed the Tsar and her autocracy against the nobles. Not just a tool of noble plotting!
3. Growing political independence of the nobility, increasing influence on the nation's political life