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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where is a temporary pacemaker placed
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Usually a single lead placed in the RV
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What is the major contraindication for a perm. pacemaker?
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Infection
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What are some relative contraindications for a perm. pacemaker?
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Temporary infection
BiV - EF >40%, no LBBB Must meat heart failure parameters. |
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where are the two leads usually placed for a duel lead pacer?
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RA and RV to pace sequentially
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What are the access sites for the leads?
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RFV, LFV, RIJ
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Difference between Passive and Active leads
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Active Fixed Lead is a lead that is actively attached to the heart wall (screwed in)
Passive Fixed Lead is a lead that anchors itself in the trabeculae of the RV w/o penetrating the heart wall |
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What is "current of injury"?
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Inflammation of tissue due to irritation from active fixed lead. It will increase the threshold.
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What is on the leads that helps reduce injury during lead placement?
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Steroids
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Pacer code #1
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A, V, or D paced
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Pacer code #2
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A, V, or D sensor
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Pacer code #3
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T: triggered at P wave = V paced
I: Inhibits if QRS is detected = no V pace |
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Pacer Code I
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Chamber paced
V: ventricle, A: atrium, D: atria and ventricle. O:none |
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Pacer Code II
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Chamber sensed: A, V, O, D
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Pacer Code III
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Mode of response
T: triggered I: inhibited D: dual O: none |
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Pacer code DDD
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Most common type
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Pacer Code VVI
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pacemaker paces the ventricles, senses the EKG from the ventricle and inhibits pacing if signal is sensed
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Pacer Code DDI
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paces both atrium and ventricle, senses from both, inhibits if singal is sensed
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Indication for Bi-V pacing
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EF <40%, LBBB
Heart failure patients must be in severe or mod severe hear failure, be taking meds to treat, and have delayed electricle activity |
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Where is the extra lead placed for Bi-V pacing?
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CS
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What is a complication with CS lead
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If placed near diaphragm it can cause hiccups
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What is and indication for ICD
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Sponatneous Afib/Vtach
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What lead does it shock through?
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RV
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How many joules does and ICD use
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20-30 joules
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what is threshold
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The minimum mV required to pace the heart.
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What is difibrillation threshold
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induce arrhythmia and see what energy level is required to recover the patient
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what are the main 4 catheters used in EP studies
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RA, AV, CS, HIS
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Inidcation for Tilt table testing
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Sudden drops in BP, syncope or severe lightheadedness. People with CFS
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What drug induces syncope?
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Isoprel
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What drug is given to tpatients with vasovagel syncope
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Beta-blockers
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What is a shunt and list the types?
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Abnormal communication between atria and venous circuits.
L to R: most common since arterial pressures are usually higher R to L: uncommon Bi-directional |
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What is the most common type of shunt?
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L to R due to higher pressures in the left heart
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ASD
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Arterial septal defects are a communication between the left and right atrium. Usuall L to R, showing step-up in sats in the RA
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VSD
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a communication btween left and right ventricles.
1: membranous 80% 2: Subarterial or Supracristal (close to AV) 10% 3: Muscular, near atrium 4: Artrioventricular canal type are located under the TV Usually L to R shunt shows step up in RV sats Closed by surger in US and VSD closure device in Europe Small VSD is associated with murmur as only symptom |
