Categories Of Bacteria That Cause Disease In Humans

Front 1

treponema

Back 1

gram-, spirochetes: T. pallidum causes syphillis

Front 2

borrelia

Back 2

gram-, spirochetes:

B. burgdorferi causes boreliosis (Lyme's Disease)
- expanding red rash (erythema chronicum migrans)

B. hermsii causes endemic relapsing fever
- transmitted by ticks

B. recurrentis causes epidemic relapsing fever
-transmitted by lice

Front 3

leptospira

Back 3

gram-, spirochetes: causes leptospirosis

Front 4

campylobacter

Back 4

gram-, aerobic, motile helical/vibroid: causes campylobacteriosis, a common food borne illness

Front 5

helicobacter

Back 5

gram-, aerobic, motile helical/vibroid; effects some 50% of the world's population with varied, sometimes chronic gastroenteric symptoms.

Front 6

spirillum

Back 6

gram-, aerobic, motile helical/vibroid: associated with rat bite fever

Front 7

alcaligenes

Back 7

gram-, aerobic, rod

Front 8

bordetella

Back 8

1) small gram- aerobic rod
2) B. Pertussis causes pertussis (whooping cough). Pertussis toxin paralyzes cilia.
3) B. parapertussis has a silent copy of the pertussis toxin gene and is a sub clinical disease.
4)B. bronchiseptica: infrequent chronic Resp. T infection in humans, kennel cough, snuffles in rabits, and artrophic rhinitis in swines.

Front 9

brucella

Back 9

gram-, aerobic, rods and cocci: causes brucellosis (Malta Fever)

Front 10

francisella

Back 10

gram-, aerobic, bipolar staining rod:

F. tularensis causes tularemia (rabbit fever)
-transmission is via tick bites
-many disease presentations including ulcers, swollen glands, and eye infections.
- treat with Tetracycline or streptomycin.

Front 11

legionella

Back 11

gram-, aerobic, rods and cocci: causes legionellosis (Legionnaires' disease)

Front 12

moraxella

Back 12

gram-, aerobic, rods and cocci

Front 13

neisseria

Back 13

gram-, aerobic, diplococci: N. meningitidis is one of the most common causes of bacterial meningitis

Front 14

pseudomonas

Back 14

gram-, aerobic, rods and cocci: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a nosocmial, opportunistic infection

Front 15

bartonella (formerly rochalimaea)

Back 15

gram-, aerobic, rods and cocci:

B. quintana causes trench fever
- vectored by lice

Carrion's disease,cat scratch disease and others

Front 16

bacteroides

Back 16

gram-, aerobic, rods and cocci: Bacteroides fragilis is the most common and most virulent (may also be anaerobic, straight, curved, and helical rods).

Front 17

escherichia (and related coliform bacteria)

Back 17

gram-, facultatively anaerobic rods: Most common cause of UTIs, can cause diarrhea and meningitis in infants. Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (ETEC) = traveler's diarrhea. E. coli (O157:H7) can cause hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome.

Front 18

klebsiella

Back 18

gram-, facultatively anaerobic bacilli with mucoid apperance
K. pneumoniae is typically nosocomial
- sudden onset, with reddish brown sputum
- some strains release extended beta lactamases (ESBL)

Front 19

proteus

Back 19

1) gram-, facultatively anaerobic rods
2) P. mirabilis can cause UTIs in women (#2 cause behind e. coli)

Front 20

Serratia

Back 20

Gram negative bacillus.
- S. marcescens can cause nosocomial pneumonia.
- serratia infections also include conjunctivitis, pneumonia, and resp. disease.

Front 21

providencia

Back 21

gram-, facultatively anaerobic rods; contributes to urinary tract infections

Front 22

salmonella

Back 22

gram-, facultatively anaerobic rods: S. typhi (D and Vi antigens) causes typhoid fever
- has characteristic "rose spots" on abdomen
and S. enteritidis causes food poisoning and paratyphoid fever.

Front 23

shigella

Back 23

gram-, facultatively anaerobic rods: foodborne illness that causes gastroenteritis and dysentery

Front 24

yersinia

Back 24

gram-, facultatively anaerobic rods: Y. pestis causes the plague; other infections

Front 25

vibrio

Back 25

gram-, motile curved rod :
V. Cholerae causes Cholera
- 2 virulance factors: cholera toxin and toxin coregulated pilus
- has a polar flagellum
- rice water stool is chatacteristic

Vibrosis causes gastroenteritis from undercooked seafood from V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus

Front 26

haemophilus

Back 26

gram-, facultatively anaerobic rods: Several pathogenic species including H. influenzae and H. ducreyi which causes the STI Chancroid

Front 27

pasteurella

Back 27

gram-, facultatively anaerobic rods: pathogenesis is from pet bites

Front 28

fusobacterium

Back 28

gram-, anaerobic, straight, curved, and helical rods: causes the very rare Lemierre's syndrome among other diseases

Front 29

prevotella

Back 29

gram-, anaerobic, straight, curved, and helical rods: Involved in periodontal disease

Front 30

rickettsia

Back 30

gram-, obligate intracellular parasite (the reckettsiae and chlamydiae):
R. rickettsii causes rocky mtn spotted fever
-rash on palms and soles then spreads...pink macules become maculopapular rash
-transmitted by ticks

R. prowazeckii causes epidemic typhus
- transmitted by lice

R. typhi causes endemic typhus
- transmitted by fleas

Front 31

coxiella

Back 31

gram-, obligate intracellular parasite (the reckettsiae and chlamydiae):
1) C. burnetii is the causative agent of Q Fever

Front 32

chlamydia

Back 32

gram-, obligate intracellular parasite (the reckettsiae and chlamydiae)

Front 33

capnocytophaga

Back 33

gram-, nonphotosynthetic, nonfruiting gliding bacteria

Front 34

enterococcus

Back 34

gram+, cocci, facultatively anaerobic : a normal inhabitant of the intestinal tract, can cause UTIs and worse. May be highly resistant to antibiotics

Front 35

peptostreptococcus

Back 35

gram+, cocci, anaerobic: found in normal flora, but may cause disease

Front 36

staphylococcus

Back 36

gram+, cocci, facultatively anaerobic: Coagulase-positive includes S. aureus (some of which is MRSA) Coagulase-negative includes S. epidermidis and S. saprphyticus. Common cause of food poisoning, nosocomial infections and others.

Front 37

streptococcus

Back 37

gram+, cocci, facultatively anaerobic: S. pneumoniae is a leading cause of bacterial pneumonia; S. pyogenes, also known as Group A Streptococcus (GAS), causes streptococcal pharyngitis ("strep throat"), acute rheumatic fever, scarlet fever, acute glomerulonephritis and necrotizing fasciitis. S. agalactiae, or GBS, causes pneumonia and meningitis in neonates and the elderly, with occasional systemic bacteremia.

Front 38

bacillus

Back 38

gram+, endospore forming rod, aerobic:
B. anthracis causes anthrax (woolsorter's disease)
- contains a Poly-D glutamic acid capsule which is antiphagocytic
-The toxin is a mixture of three proteins:
-Protective antigen (PA)
-Edema factor (EF)
-lethal factor (LF)

B. cereus causes a foodborne illness
- 2 distinct enterotoxins: diarrhea and abdominal pain...the other is emetic after eating cooked rice.

Front 39

clostridium

Back 39

gram+, anaerobic endospore forming rods: C. botulinum (along with C. barati, C. butyricum have 7 serotypes)

C. difficile, C. perfringens causes gas gangrene and food poisoning with its enterotoxin; C. tetani

Front 40

erysipelothrix

Back 40

1) gram+
2) facultatively anaerobic rod

regular, nonsporing; causes erysipeloid

Front 41

listeria

Back 41

1) gram+ coccobacilli, psychrophilic
2) facultatively anaerobic intracellular pathogen
3) L. monocytogenes causes listeriosis, a potentially fatal disease
- source of it is contaminated soft cheeses, dairy products, and lunch meats.

Front 42

actinomyces

Back 42

1) gram+
2) facultatively anaerobic

irregular, nonsporing,

Front 43

corynebacterium

Back 43

1) gram+,
2) facultatively anaerobic rod (bacillus)
3) C. diphtheriae is the cause of diphtheria


C. minutissimum causes erythrasma; C. acnes is commonly found in acne lesions

Front 44

mobiluncus

Back 44

1) gram+
2) anaerobic
3) implicated in bacterial vaginosis

irregular, nonsporing,

Front 45

mycobacterium

Back 45

1) "gram+"
2) aerobic
3) M. tuberculosis causes tuberculosis,
4) M. leprae causes(Hansen's Disease) leprosy
5) acid fast stain is indicated in lab.
6) contains mycolic acid in cell wall

nasty stuff that can colonize their hosts without the hosts showing any adverse signs.

Front 46

nocardia

Back 46

1) gram+,
2) actinomycetes,
3) aerobic,
4) rod shaped:
5) catalase-positive

cause of some opportunistic infections.

Front 47

streptomyces

Back 47

1) gram+,
2) aerobic,
notable as the source of various antibiotics, e.g., the tetracyclines

actinomycetes:

Front 48

rhodococcus

Back 48

gram+, aerobic, actinomycetes

Front 49

mycoplasma

Back 49

(gram +) cell wall-less eubacteria, mycoplasmas: a primary cause of atypical pneumonia

Front 50

ureaplasma

Back 50

(gram +) cell wall-less eubacteria, mycoplasmas: associated with nonspecific urethritis in males and genital tract infections in females