Cat

Front 1

Pancreatitis in cats:
1- prevalence in healthy cats?
2- does occurrence of chronic pancreatitis correlate with age?
3- is chronic pancreatitis found more often in cats with GI disease?

Back 1

1- 45 %
2- yes
3- yes, in the left limb

Hint 1

Vet Pathol 44:39-49 (2007)

Front 2

Acute pancreatitis in cats:
Histo?

Back 2

- necrosis
- neutrophilic inflammation
- edema and necrosis of mesenteric fat

Hint 2

Vet Pathol 44:39-49 (2007)

Front 3

Chronic pancreatitis in cats: histo?

Back 3

- fibrosis
- inflammation (mild compared to fibrosis), mainly lymphocytes
- cysts, cystic dilation of acini
- atrophy
- prominent lobulation: normal looking lobules and pale basophilic lobules with less zymogen
- atypical pancreatic nodules, 2 types:
1. basophilic/vacuolated type
2. eosinophilic type
- islets: amyloidosis in 30% of pancreases
- ducts: changes were generally minimal
- NO preneoplastic changes

Hint 3

Vet Pathol 44:39-49 (2007)

Front 4

Feline epulides:
Types? Relative frequencies of these types? Difference in dogs?
Differences giant cell type vs fibromatous type?
Special staining characteristics giant cell type?

Back 4

1. fibromatous 58%
2. giant cell 29%
3. acanthomatous 8%
4. ossifying 6%
(Dogs: 1 fibr 2 acan 3 oss 4 giant c)
Giant cell type vs fibromatous:
- rapid growth
- ulceration
- rapid recurrence after surgery
Giant cell type:
- van Gieson: osteoid, woven bone 11/15
Giant cells and a fraction of mononuclear cells:
vimentin +
TRAP + (osteoclast marker)
RANK + (cytokine, OCL diff in presence of ligand)
SMA -
MIB-1 -
Factor VIII -

Hint 4

Vet Pathol 44:161-169 (2007)

Front 5

Feline epulides:
Describe the characteristics of the four types.

Back 5

Fibromatous:
- normal to hyperplastic gingival epithelium
- densely cellular stroma of stellate cells and tightly packed fibrillar collagen resembling periodontal ligament
- nearly all have ossifying and acanthomatous components
Acanthomatous:
- infiltrative growth of cords and solid clusters of proliferating columnar epithelial basal cells with a palissade arrangement
Ossifying:
- hyperplastic epithelium
- well-vascularized collagenous stroma with stellate cells and large areas of osteoid-/cementin-/dentin-like material
Giant cell:
- numerous MGCs, scattered in fibrous well-vasc. stroma containing numerous round and spindle-shaped mononuclear cells
- MGCs associated with osseous material, creating typical Howship's resorption lacunae

Hint 5

Vet Pathol 44:161-169 (2007)

Front 6

Name 2 viruses which use transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) for entry into target cells.

Back 6

feline parvovirus
mouse mammary tumor virus
(rapidly dividing cells including macrophages and activated lymphocytes)

Hint 6

Nature 446 1 march 2007

Front 7

Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in feline pancreatic adenocarcinomas:
- IHC % +?
- Rationale behind COX-II as a possible therapeutic target in cancer?

Back 7

- 25 % (2/8; both poorly differentiated ductular variants)
- COX-II is responsible for the production of PGE2, which:
* increases cell proliferation
* alters cell adhesion
* enhances extracellular matrix degradation
* increases metastatic potential
* promotes angiogenesis
* inhibits apoptosis
* inhibits immune surveillance

Hint 7

JVDI 18:590-593 (2006)

Front 8

Which tumors in cats overexpress COX-2?

Back 8

- transitional cell carcinoma (37%)
- oral squamous cell carcinoma (9%)
- pancreatic adenocarcinoma (25%)

NEGATIVE in cats: cutaneous SCC, mammary adenocarc, pulmonary adenocarc, intestinal adenocarc, intestinal lympho, nasal lympho, vaccine associated sarc.

Hint 8

JVDI 18:590-593 (2006)

Front 9

COX-1 and COX-2 expression in feline oral squamous cell carcinoma:
- IHC versus normal tissue?
- physiological role and distribution of COX-1?
- physiological role and distribution of COX-2?

Back 9

- both COX-1 and COX-2 overexpressed in FOSCC
- COX-1: housekeeping, constitutively expressed in most tissues, roles including:
* cytoprotection gastric mucosa
* vasidilation kidney
* platelet thromboxane production
- COX-2: constitutively in:
* brain
* spinal cord
* kidney
Inducible isoform, expressed during:
* growth and differentiation
* inflammation
* ovulation
* carcinogenesis

Hint 9

JCP 135(2-3):93-9 (2006)

Front 10

Tritrichomonas foetus in domestic cats:
Histo?
Significance in other hosts?

Back 10

Histo:
- presence of colonic trichomonads
- mild to moderate lymphoplasmacytic and neutrophilic colitis
- crypt epithelial hypertrophy and hyperplasia, increased mitoses
- loss of goblet cells
- crypt microabscesses
- attenuation of the superficial colonic mucosa
Cattle:
venereal pathogen. prepuce bull -> vagina and uterus -> infertility.

Hint 10

Vet Pathol 42:792-804 (2005)

Front 11

Alimentary lymphomas and severe intestinal inflammation in cats, re-evaluation of previous diagnoses of alimentary lymphoma:
IHC phenotypes / cell origins in order of frequency?
MHCII IHC distribution in these lesions?

Back 11

1. B cell (CD79a+ = B or plasma; BLA-36+ = B cell only)
2. T cell (CD3+)
3. mixed B and T
4. enteropathy (no lymphoma)
Enterocytes in tumors: MHCII- (as normal).
Enterocytes in inflammation: MHCII+ (!)
B and T cell lymphomas express MHCII (!)

Hint 11

JCP 133(4):253-260 (2005)

Front 12

Hepatobiliary neuroendocrine carcinoma in cats:
- which patterns are described?
- IHC for which protein was consistently positive?

Back 12

- Patterns:
1. acinar structures separated by vascular stroma lined by cuboidal or columnar cells
2. solid with groups of anaplastic cells separated by vascular stroma
- NSE

Hint 12

Vet Pathol 42:331-337 (2005)

Front 13

H5N1 virus attachment to the lower respiratory tract:
Which 2 species are the most suitable animal models and why?

Back 13

Influenza virus: hemagglutinin attaches to sialosaccharides on host cell surface. Avian influenza viruses prefer SA-alpha-2,3-Gal. Detectable with lectins.
Cat and ferret: virus attachment to lower respiratory tract, as in humans.

Hint 13

Scienceexpress 23 march 2006

Front 14

HPAI H5N1 in domestic cats after presumptive infection by wild birds (Germany):
* gross?
* 4 main histo findings?
* IHC nucleoprotein where?

Back 14

* gross:
- lungs: consolidated dark red areas
- multifocal hepatic necrosis
- splenic congestion
- swollen lymph nodes +/- petechiae
* histo:
- bronchointerstitial pneumonia
- marked random hepatic necrosis
- lymphoid necrosis spleen and Peyer's patches
- necrosis adrenal cortex
* IHC nucleoprotein HPAIV + intralesionally in:
- lungs (br.olar ep., occas. type I,II pn., int. mono and alv. macr.)
- liver (hepatocytes)
- adrenal glands (cortical cells)
- lymphoid tissues (monon. cells and reticular cells)
NEGATIVE: CNS, oral and tracheal mucosa, intestine, kidney, ur. bladder, pancreas !

Hint 14

Vet Pathol 44:261-268 (2007)

Front 15

H5N1 inoculation cats:
* Which organs affected?
* GI tract after inoculation by feeding?

Back 15

* organs affected:
- lungs
- lymphoid organs (tonsils, lnn.)
- liver (mf necr)
- brain (mf necr, cuffing, edema, neur.necrosis)
- heart
- kidney
- adrenal gland
- small intestine after feeding: multif. to diffuse necrotic and inflamm. changes in Meissner's and Auerbach's plexi (neuron loss, necrosis, mononucl/neutr infiltr)

Hint 15

AJP 168(1):176-83 (2006)

Front 16

Virulent systemic feline calicivirus infection in cats:
Gross?
Histo?
IHC + where?

Back 16

Gross:
- sc edema
- ulceration oral cavity
- variable ulceration pinnae, pawpads, nares, skin
- pulmonary oedema
Histo:
- ulcers
- paws: necrosis str basale / spinosum / follicular epithelium (chronic: full thickness)
- vascular edema, microthrombi, fibrin
- bronchoint pneumonia, necrosis in pancreas, liver, spleen
IHC:
epithelial cells e.g. skin, pancreas
endothelial cells (systemic vascular compromise)

Hint 16

Vet Pathol 41:257-263 (2004)

Front 17

Feline nasal lymphoma:
most common type?

Back 17

CD79a + (17/18); B cell.
12 were diffuse large B cell lymphomas.
Most also MHCII +.

Hint 17

JCP 130(2-3):152-62 (2004)

Front 18

Complete atrioventricular block in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy:
histo?

Back 18

Marked degeneration and fibrous replacement of the AV conduction system.
Endocardial and myocardial fibrosis upper septum.
Chondrometaplastic or osseous lesions in base of central fibrous body.

Hint 18

JCP 2006 135,25-31

Front 19

Feline systemic angioendotheliomatosis:
Histo?
IHC / cell type?
Age distribution?

Back 19

Occlusive, intraluminal proliferations of spindle cells within small vessels (multisystemic, fatal).
Heart consistently involved.
Majority of cells vWF + (endothelial), smaller number SMA + (pericytes); reactive rather than neoplastic process.
Juvenile / young adults.

Hint 19

Vet Pathol 42:608-617 (2005)

Front 20

Pathologic main (gross, histo) features of end-stage hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats?

Back 20

Gross:
Left atrial dilation.
Relative thinning of the IVS and LVFW.
Large thrombi in LA.
Cats died following thromboembolization of aortic bifurcation.
Histo:
Subendocardial and myocardial fibrosis, predominantly IVS and LVFW.
1/3 acute multifocal myocardial infarcts.

Hint 20

Vet Pathol 42:458-467 (2007)

Front 21

Bartonella in pets:
Human disease?
Feline disease?
Canine disease?

Back 21

Bartonella spp.: gram-, mainly transmitted by vectors, mainly fleas.
Human: cat scratch disease, B. henselae.
Feline:
- uveitis
- endocarditis
- kidney disease
- UTI
- stomatitis
- lymphadenopathy
Canine:
- endocarditis
- hepatitis
- anemia
- weight loss

Hint 21

EID 12(3):389-394 (2006)

Front 22

Feline progressive histiocytosis:
Breed predilection?
Sex predilection?
Where in body?
Histo? IHC?
Involvement of other organs?

Back 22

No breed predilection.
More females.
Papules, nodules and plaques: feet, legs, face, epitheliotropid (13/30) and nonepitheliotropic (17/30) histiocytic infiltrates of superficial and deep dermis, variable extension into subcutis.
CD1a+, CD1c+, CD18+, MHCII+ (DC origin).
Slowly progressive -> more pleomorphism, 7/30 terminal involvement internal organs.

Hint 22

Vet Pathol 43:646-655 (2006)

Front 23

Equine and feline dysautonomias:
Histo?
Useful IHC tool in diagnosis?
Names of equine resp. feline disease?
Which ganglia have diagnostic value?

Back 23

Degenerating neurons with chromatolysis, pyknotic and sometimes eccentric nuclei, and loss of Nissl substance in the peripheral autonomic ganglia.
Synaptophysin (expressed in neuroendocrine, PNS, CNS): degenerating neurons showed strong intracytoplasmic labelling (abnormal accumulation of synaptophysin in degeneration; to differentiate from post-mortem changes).
Equine: grass sickness
Feline: Key-Gaskell syndrome
Cranial cervical, stellate, abdominal, intramural ganglia digestive tract.

Hint 23

JCP 132(2-3):223-7 (2005)

Front 24

Hypertensive encephalopathy in cats with reduced renal function:
Gross?
Histo?

Back 24

Gross: severe brain edema:
- cerebellar caudal coning
- cerebellar cranial displacement over the corpora quadrigemina
- cerebral widening and flattening of gyri
Histo:
- interstitial edema, mostly cerebral white matter
- hypertensive vascular lesions: hyaline arteriolosclerosis, hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis.

Hint 24

Vet Pathol 42:642-649 (2005)

Front 25

Thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis in cats:
Histo?

Back 25

(Gross: exfoliation of keratin squames and layers, multifocal crusts)
- interface dermatitis with predom. CD3+ lymphocytes and fewer mast cells and plasma cells
- basal layer: hydropic degeneration of keratinocytes
- infundibular lymphocytic mural folliculitis
- absence / drastic decrease of sebaceous glands

Hint 25

Vet Pathol 41(4):429-33 (2004)

Front 26

Feline post-traumatic ocular sarcomas:
roles of TERT, p16, p53?

Back 26

TERT = active subunit of telomerase.
63 % expressed telomerase
67 % lacked p16
only few had alterations in p53.
p16, and NOT p53, represents the primary mechanism by which post-traumatic ocular sarcomas that express telomerase activity escape cell-cycle control.
p16 binds cyclinD-CDK4 and promotes inhibitory effects of Rb -> inhibiting progression through cell cycle.

Hint 26

JCP 133(4)235-45 (2005)

Front 27

Diagnoses in surgically amputated feline digits:
% neoplastic?
Of neoplastic, % malignant?
Top 5 diagnoses?
Front vs hind limbs?

Back 27

74 % neoplastic, of which 95 % malignant.
1. Squamous cell carcinoma
2. Fibrosarcoma
3. Adenocarcinoma (most likely metastases of primary pulmonary neoplasm; ciliated cells, mucus cells, secretory material)
4. osteosarcoma
4. hemangiosarcoma (equally frequent as OSA)

Hint 27

Vet Pathol 44:362-365 (2007)

Front 28

Streptococcus canis in cats:
associated with which diseases?

Back 28

- epidemics of arthritis
- cervical lymphadenitis
- urogenital infections
- upper respiratory infections
- neonatal septicemia
* this report: 3 outbreaks in shelters; skin ulceration, respiratory infection, sinusitis, meningitis, fasciitis, shock, sepsis, death.

Hint 28

Vet Pathol 44:218-221 (2007)

Front 29

Feline mammary mucinous carcinoma:
prominent staining ?

Back 29

Alcian blue +
(majority CK19 +; vimentin +)
(PAS-diastase is variable, as opposed to human and canine mucinous carcinoma where it is +)

Hint 29

Vet Pathol 43:667 (2006)

Front 30

Role of STAT3 in feline injection-site fibrosarcomas?

Back 30

STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) is a cytoplasmic transcription factor that plays a role in the G1/S transition and is induced by cytokines and growth factors.
STAT3 expression correlated with:
- mitotic activity
- histological grade

Hint 30

JCP 2006 91

Front 31

HER-2 in feline invasive mammary carcinomas:
Role?
Correlation to survival, type, grade, invasion?

Back 31

Protooncogene. HER 2/Neu = ERB B2. Receptor of EGF receptor family.
HER-2 overexpression: significantly correlated with shorter overall survival. NO correlation with histologic type, grade, or lymphatic invasion.

Hint 31

Vet Pathol 42:30-34 (2005)

Front 32

Cyclin D3 expression in normal fetal, normal adult and neoplastic feline tissue?

Back 32

Immature lymphoid tissue
- germinal centre cells normal lymph nodes
- B cell lymphomas
Proliferating epithelial cells:
- normal supbrabasal epithelial cells skin and mucous membranes oropharynx
- squamous cell carcinomas
- GI adenocarcinomas
In neural cells (peripheral nerves, myenteric plexus, adrenal paraganglia).
NOT in thyroid adenomas

Hint 32

JCP 132(4):329-39 (2005)

Front 33

Feline infectious peritonitis:
- virus associated with which cells in blood?
- in granulomatous phlebitis: markers for activated monocytes and perivascular macrophages?
- marker activated endothelial cells?

Back 33

- monocytes
- CD18, TNFalpha, IL-1beta, MMP-9
- MHCII upregulation
FIP is a monocyte-triggered systemic disease; activated monocytes have a central role in FIP vasculitis.

Hint 33

Vet Pathol 42:321-330 (2005)

Front 34

Feline vaccine-associated sarcomas:
Antibody against mutated p53? % +?
Correlation p53 staining and tumor recurrence / survival?

Back 34

Mab240. 81 % +.
Cytoplasmic p53 + in 44 % and -> shorter recurrence time than nuclear staining.
NO difference in survival outcome.

Hint 34

Vet Pathol 42:805-811 (2005)

Front 35

Easter lily poisoning in cats:
Which organs affected? Lesions?

Back 35

Nephrotoxic -> acute necrosis proximal convoluted tubules. EM: swollen mitochondria, megamitochondria, edema, lipidosis.
Pancreotoxic -> degeneration of pancreatic acinar cells.

Hint 35

JVDI 16(6):527-41 (2004)

Front 36

Receptor for Feline Immunodeficiency Virus?

Back 36

CD134, a T cell activation antigen and costimulatory molecule. Infection is CXCR4-dependent.

Hint 36

Science vol 303 20 february 2004 p.1192