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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Amarna Letters |
-Letters between Egypt and Canaan peoples in 1330-1350bce -important insight into the Canaanite people in pre-biblicaltimes |
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King David
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-First to establish Jerusalem in Jewish History
-creates palace -“House of David” -He installs the Ark of Covenant |
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Warren’s Shaft
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-Ancient water system discovered by Charles Warren
-Thought to be the way that David conquered Jerusalem -Arguably proved in the bible, tzinnor |
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Broad Wall
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-a defensive wall around Jerusalem during the time of KingHezekiah
-discovered in 1970s - trying to keep out an invasion by Judea |
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King Herod
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-City becomes wealthy under him -Has MANY building projects
-Builds Temple Mount (most important) |
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Cardo
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-the main n-s pavement in Jerusalem during its time as aroman city
-shown on the Madaba map |
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Caliph Umar ibnal-Khattab
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-second caliph, after Abu Bakr
-Umar expanded muslim power, including to Jerusalem -Lifted the ban on Jews in Jerusalem |
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Emperor Constantine
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-Legitimizes Christianity for Romans
-Edict of Toleration (313) means no more persecutingChristians -Builds Church of Nativity (in Bethlehem) -Church of Holy Sepulcher over Jesus’ tomb -Transforms Jerusalem into a Christian city -gives lots of legal privileges to Christians, like exemptionfrom taxation |
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Madaba Map
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-One of the first maps of Jerusalem from the 6thcentury
-depicts Christian/roman Jerusalem (including the cardo) |
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Sabas
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-important figure in monasticism
-created the Great Laura of Mar Saba (483) |
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Yusuf ibn Ayyub(Saladin)
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-Finally defeats crusaders for Muslims
-first was the vizier of Egypt -used his control of Syria and Egypt to help his take backof Jerusalem |
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Simon bar Kosiba/BarKokhba
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-Simon led the Bar Kokhba revolt against the Roman empire in132
-They won, finally establishing an independent jewish stateagain -but…. Conquered again in 135 after a 2 ½ year war |
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Emperor Hadrian
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-Destroys temple (70ce)
-Makes Jerusalem a Roman colony (Aelia Capitolina) -Jews banned from city at this time |
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King Hezekiah
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-King of Judah during the Assyrian attach
- beat the assyrians, credited god, probably plague orsomething - Expands the water system -also makes a tunnel |
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Sultan Suleiman I
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-Ottomans controls Jerusalem in 1517
-grows the city, economically and also rebuilding walls -Gave the part of temple mount to jews -declines from 1700 to 1830 |
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Festival of Holy Fire
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- the holy fire is a miracle that appears every year at theChurch of the Holy Sepulcher on theSaturday before Easter
-blue fire supposedly seen in Jesus’ tomb -Inspires much pilgrimage -crusaders try to take it, leads to riots |
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Nehemiah
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-man who looks to rebuild the city during the second templeperiod
-just and right governor -looked to purify the city |
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Caliph Al-Hakim
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-Destroys church of Holy Sepulcher
-decides to let it be rebuilt 3 years later -a back and forth kind of guy |
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Shabbetai Zevi
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-Rabbi who claimed to be the Jewish Messiah
-captured in Constantinople -Told he must convert to Islam or die -converted to Islam -conversion obvi made his followers v angry |
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Caliph Abd al-Malik
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-5th Umayyad caliph
-translated things to Arabic and made a Muslim currency -War with the Byzantine’s -Led a LOT of expansion in the Muslim world |
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Godrey of Bouillon
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-frankish knight, one of the leaders of the 1stcrusade
-Became the first ruler of “Kingdom of Jerusalem” (thoughnot “king” cuz that’s Jesus) -Defended Jerusalem against the Fatimids |
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Order of the KnightsTemplar (Templars)
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-defended pilgrims on dangerous roads
-had headquarters at the Al-Asqua mosque -seen as monks and soilders |
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Order of St. John(Hospitallers)
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-Support pilgrims and help the poor and sick
-est. before crusades, but used a lot in crusades -became an official order of the Catholic church in 1113 |
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Bishop Eusebius ofCaesarea
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-loved by Constantine
-present at transformation of jer to Christian city -recorded the process of construction of the church of theholy sepulcher |
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Egeria
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-woman who wrote a detailed account of her pilgrimage toJerusalem in 380’s
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BishopMarkarios/Marcarius
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-Bishop of Jerusalem at same time as eusebius
-constantine corresponds with him to build the church -ultimatley responsible for building of the church |
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Church of SantaPudenziana (Rome)
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-church in rome that depicts the earthly and heavenlyJerusalem (apse mosaic)
-one of the first times Christ is seen as a human figure -oldest place of Christian worship in rome, housed the Popetill Constantine changed it |
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Waqf
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-religious endowment in muslim law
-Muslim’s must donate something -part of the charitable donations that they do |
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Treaty of Jaffa
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-a truce between Al-Kamil and Fredrick II after the 5thcrusade (for ten years) chu
-Fred rules Jerusalem, but can’t rebuild the walls-Muslims control Haram |
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Emperor Julian
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-Constantine’s successor
-Before that, there was almost a civil war between the two(But Connie died) -Last non Christian ruler of the roman empire -tried to rebuild the temple to inspire religions other thanChristianity -Thought to have failed cuz of an earthquake, and also cuzJews didn’t seem to care |
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EmperorHeaclius/Heraklius
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- gets rid of Phocas/Persians in 610 and regains byzantinecontrol in 629
-also, war against the Sassanids -Muslim invaders were there a lot during his rule, and theytook over |
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Dhimmi
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-the jews and christians to muslims (people of the book)
-had many freedoms, like freedom to worship and keep legaland social institutions, and property -but had to pay tax (jizya) |
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Capitulations
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-sort of like a treaty between the Ottomans and theEuropeans
-exempted them from things like persecution and taxation -abolished by the Treaty of Lausanne |
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Mamluks
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-Slave soilders from frontier arieas (“owned ones”) -Deployed by Abassid, Fatimid and Ayyubid-rose from slaves to rulers -have the military “wherewithal”, Fatimid’s had kind ofbecome weakened -Established rule in Egypt -Defeated the Mongols in 1260-300 years of ruling (to 1517)
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