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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Risk factors for Pneumonia |
NG tube Trach Mechanical Ventilation Thoracoabdominal surgery Smoking Older Age Poor Nutrition Steroids Intra Abdominal infection |
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How does infection lead to pneumonia |
Infection causes inflamed alveoli. Phlegm and pus build up and cause trouble with breathing |
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How can smoking lead to chronic bronchitis |
Hyperplasia of mucous secreting glands --This in addition to dec mobility, dec coughing, and dec function of alveolar macrophages Cilia become damaged |
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Clinical manifestations of Pneumonia |
Dec lung volume Tachypnea Hypoxemia Right Ventricular Hypertrophy (Cor Pulmonale) Dyspnea Dec Lung Sounds Weight Loss |
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Prognosis of Pneumonia |
Good with intact immune system and treatment. Prognosis Dec with... -Immobilization -CHF -Psychiatric Dz -Older -Incontinence -Renal Insufficiency |
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PT Interventions for Pneumonia |
Assisted coughing Gait Breathing exercises Postural Drainage Percussion or Vibration Strengthening |
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Outcome Measures for Pneumonia |
Sputum: amount/color Auscultation Chest Xray 6MWT Borg - SOB PaO2, SpO2 Dec Fever |
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Etiology for COPD |
Smoking - 85-90% Genetics - Alpha 1 Antityrpsin deficiency Inhaled chemicals, fuels, pollutants |
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3 pathologies associated with COPD |
--Emphysema - destruction of walls of alveoli --Bronchitis - Hyperplasia of muscus secreting glands, thickening and inflammation of air pathway walls --Asthma: broncoconstriction, narrowing of the airways, reduced airways |
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Describe Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Deficiency |
Alpha 1 antitrypsin protects the lungs from Neutrophil elastase. Without it, Neutrophil elastase destroys lung tissue |
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Pathophysiology of COPD |
-Dec oxygen into lungs -Trouble getting CO2 out -Gas exchange problems -Pulm artery hypertension -Hyperinflation -Inc work of breathing |
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Dyspnea Spiral |
Breathless - less activities - weakened muscles - more breathless - depressed - less activities More infections - progressively worse - deconditioning |
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Clinical Manifestations of COPD |
-Barrel Chest -Change in rib angles -Flattened diaphragm -Inc work of breathing -Hypertrophy of accessory muscles -Inc dyspnea -Tripod |
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What are the Gold Stages of COPD |
Gold 1: 80% predicted FEV1 Gold 2: 50% predicted FEV1 Gold 3: 30-50% Gold 4: < 30% |
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Describe Emphysema |
Pink Puffers Likely thin --Poor appetite due to dec oxygen to gut --Inc calorie burn due to breathing Inc accessory muscle hypertrophy Tripod Position |
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Describe Chronic Bronchitis |
Blue Bloaters -Bloated with CO2, blueish skin Heavier Increased secretions |
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Common Problem list with COPD |
-Muscle Wasting -Retained secretions in RLL -Dyspnea with all activities -Hypertension -Inc work of breathing -Respiratory acidosis -Dec exercise -Education -Secretion mobilization |
