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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. What type of Haematomas is more common in older children?
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a. Epidural haematomas
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2. What type of Haematoma is more common in children < 1 yr old?
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a. Subdural haematoma.
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3. In what type of haematoma are seizures more common?
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a. Subdural.
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4. Concussion?
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a. Altered mental state immediately after blunt head trauma.
b. No consistent brain abnormality is seen c. Can cause retrograde and anterograde memory loss. |
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5. Epidural Haemorrhage?
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a. Bleeding between the dura and the skull.
b. Commonly occurs w/skull fracture and middle meningeal artery laceration but can result from disruption of dural sinuses or middle meningeal veins. |
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6. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)?
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a. A clinical tool developed to assist in head injury severity prediction.
b. For infants and toddlers, several “modified” scales exist that attempt to adapt the verbal portion to reflect language development and modify the motor component to reflect the lack of purposeful movement in early infancy. |
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7. Subdural haemorrhage pathophys?
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a. Disruption of bridging veins connecting the cerebral cortex and dural sinuses.
b. Bleeding between the dura and arachnoid space. |
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8. Maximal score on Glasgow coma scale?
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a. 15
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9. Characteristics of Subdural haemorrhage in children?
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a. More common in children younger than 1 yr and far more common than a supratentorial epidural haemorrhage.
b. ~1/3 of CT-identified subdural haemorrhages have an associated skull fracture! c. Almost all are venous in origin. d. ~3/4 are bilateral!!!!!! |
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10. CT of Subdural haemorrhage?
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a. Crescentic
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11. Seizure prevalence in subdural haemorrahges?
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a. Occur in 60-90% of afflicted pts.
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12. Other frequent physical exam findings w/subdural haemorrhage?
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a. Retinal haemorrhages!
b. Increased ICP. |
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13. Mortality of subdural vs. epidural haematoma?
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a. Subdural is generally associated w/less mortality than epidural.
b. But long-term morbidity is more significant bc the brain parenchyma is more often involved. |
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14. 3 presentations of subdural haematomas?
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a. May be acute, subacute, or chronic.
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15. Presentation of acute subdural haematoma?
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a. Symptoms occur in the first 48 hours.
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16. Presentation of subacute subdural haematoma?
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a. Symptoms between 3-21 days.
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17. Presentation of chronic subdural haematoma?
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a. Symptoms after 21 days.
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18. In whom are chronic subdural haematomas more common?
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a. Older children than in infants.
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19. Symptoms of chronic subdural haematoma?
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a. Chronic Emesis
b. Seizures c. Hypertonicity d. Irritability e. Personality changes f. Inattention g. Poor weight gain h. Fever i. Anaemia |
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20. Most useful imaging for evaluating subdural haematoma?
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a. MRI.
b. MRI is better than CT for evaluating subacute and chronic hematomas bc the hematoma age can be estimated by signal intensity. |
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21. In whom is epidural haemorrhage more commonly seen?
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a. In older children and adults.
b. And seen more typically in the infratentorial space |
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22. What are 2/3 of epidural haemorrhages associated w/?
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a. Skull fracture.
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23. Origin of epidural haemorrhages in children vs. adults?
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a. Adults: Most are arterial in origin
b. Children: approximately half originate from venous injuries. c. Most epidural haemorrhages are unilateral and located in the temporoparietal region. |
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24. Shape of epidural haemorrhages?
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a. Lens or biconvex shape.
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25. Presentation of epidural haemorrhages?
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a. Fewer than 25% of epidural haematoma pts have seizures
b. Retinal haemorrhages are uncommon. c. Mortality is greater w/epidural haemorrhage than w/subdural haemorrhage, but in survivors long-term morbidity is lower. |
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26. Complete
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26. Complete
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