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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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involves the scientific study of the patterns of growth, change, and stability that occus from conception through adolescence.
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Child Development
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development involving the body's physical make-up, including the brain, nervous system, muscles, and sences and the need for food, drink, and sleep.
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physical development
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development involving the ways that growth and change in intellectual capabiliites influence a person's behavior.
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cognitive development
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development involving the ways that the enduring characteristics that differentiate one person from another change over the life span.
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personality development
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the way in which individuals interations with others and their social relationships grow, change, and remain stable over the course of life.
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social development
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a group of people born at around the same time in the same place.
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cohort
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gradual development in which achievements at one level build on those of previous levels.
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continuous change
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development that occurs in distinct stages or steps, with each stage bringing about behavior that is assumed to be qualitatively different from behavior at earlier stages.
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discontinuous change
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the degree to which a developing behavior or physical structure is modifiable.
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plasticity
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a specific time when organisms are particularly susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli in their environment.
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sensitive period
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a specific time during development when a particular event has its greatest consequences
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critical period
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the degree to which a developing behavior or physical structure is modifiable
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plasticity
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a specific time when organisms are particularly susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli in their environment
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sensitive period
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the process of the predetermined unfolding of genetic information
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maturation
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explanations and predictions concerning phenomena of interest, providing a framework for understanding the relationships among an organized set of facts or principles
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theories
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the approach to the study of dvelopment that states behavior is motivated by inner forces,memories, and conflicts of which a person has little awareness or control.
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psychodynamic perspective
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the theory proposed by Freud that suggests that unconscious forces act to determine personality and behavior
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psychoanalytic theory
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according to Freud, a series of stages that children pass through in which pleasure, or gratification, is focused on a particular biological function and body part.
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psychosexual development
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the approach to the study of development that encompasses changes in the understanding individuals have of their interactions with others, of others' behavior, and of themselves as members of society.
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psychosocial development
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the approach to the study of development that suggests that the keys to understanding development are observable behavior and outside stimuli in the environment
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behavioral perspective
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a type of learning in which an organism responds in a particular way to a neutral stimulus that normally does not bring about that type of response
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classical conditioning
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a form of learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened, depending on its association with positive or negative consequences
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operant conditioning
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a formal technique for promoting the frequency of desirable behaviors and decreasing the incidence of unwanted ones
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behavior modification
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an approach to the study of development that emphasizes learning by observing the behavior of another person, called a model
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social-cognitive learning theory
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the approach to the study of development that focuses on the processes that allow people to know, understand, and think about the world
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cognitive perspective
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an approach that seeks to identify the ways individuals take in, use, and store information
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information-processing approaches
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an approach that focuses on how brain processes are related to cognitive activity
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cognitive neuroscience approaches
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the perspective that considers the relationship between individuals and their physical, cognitive, personality, and social, physical worlds
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contextual perspective
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the perspective suggesting that different levels of the environment simultaneously influence every biological organism
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bioecological approach
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